Abstract
Optical spectroscopy is increasingly used for cancer diagnostics. Tumor detection feasibility in human kidney samples using mid- and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy has been reported (Artyushenko et al., Spectral fiber sensors for cancer diagnostics in vitro. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Biomedical Optics, Munich, Germany, 21–25 June 2015). In the present work, a simplification of the NIR spectroscopic analysis for cancer diagnostics was studied. The conventional high-resolution NIR spectroscopic method of kidney tumor diagnostics was replaced by a compact optical sensing device constructively represented by a set of four light-emitting diodes (LEDs) at selected wavelengths and one detecting photodiode. Two sensor prototypes were tested using 14 in vitro clinical samples of 7 different patients. Statistical data evaluation using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) confirmed the general applicability of the LED-based sensing approach to kidney tumor detection. An additional validation of the results was performed by means of sample permutation.
Highlights
Cancer remains one of the main causes of mortality in Germany and worldwide [1]
Optical spectroscopy of the biological tissue, called spectral histopathology [2], is a relatively new and highly promising approach to the non-invasive tumor diagnostics that has been actively investigated since the 1990s
light-emitting diodes (LEDs)-based optical sensor technology has already been shown to be suitable for the production of miniaturized chemical sensors and optical diagnostic devices
Summary
A larger number of diagnostic analyses should be performed at different stages of cancer medical handling, from preventive screening to treatment efficiency control. The implementation of this strategy results in a high demand for easy-to-handle, cheap diagnostic devices. Optical spectroscopy of the biological tissue, called spectral histopathology [2], is a relatively new and highly promising approach to the non-invasive tumor diagnostics that has been actively investigated since the 1990s. As a promising method of tumor border detection, optical sensing capable of providing hundreds of real-time analyses presents a viable alternative to the traditional operative histopathology
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