Development and Preliminary Testing of the Healthy Transition Scale for Patients Undergoing Haemodialysis.

Apathy in Dementia: An Examination of the Psychometric Properties of the Apathy Evaluation Scale

Background:The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) is a widely used tool for measuring perceived stress. However, the Chinese version (CPSS-10) has not yet been validated among pregnant women in mainland China. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the CPSS-10 in this population. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in a Chinese hospital, using a convenience sample of pregnant women who were randomly categorized into two groups. The factor composition of the CPSS-10 was analyzed using exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analyses. The scale underwent additional testing to verify its convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity and internal consistency. Results: A total of 428 pregnant Chinese women participated. EFA revealed two factors; negative feelings and positive feelings, accounting for 59.869% of the variance. Item loadings ranged from 0.658 to 0.833. CFA confirmed that the two-factor model fit for the two-factor solution. Convergent validity was supported by average variance extracted (0.434–0.558), and composite reliability indicated convergent validity (0.754–0.883). Discriminant validity was established, and internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.804), while the values of both subscales varied from 0.749 to 0.881. Concurrent validity was supported by a significant negative correlation with perceived social support. Conclusion: The CPSS-10 demonstrates strong psychometric properties and is a valid and reliable tool for assessing perceived stress among pregnant women in mainland China. Its use may aid in identifying stress-related risk during pregnancy and guide timely psychological support.

Background and aimThe postpartum depression literacy (PoDLi) of perinatal women is closely related to the occurrence, recognition, and treatment of postpartum depression, therefore valid instruments for evaluating the level of PoDLi are of great significance for both research and clinical practice. This study aimed to cross-culturally adapt the postpartum depression literacy scale (PoDLiS) into Chinese and to test its psychometric properties among Chinese perinatal women.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2022 in a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. 619 out of the 650 perinatal women that were approached via a convenience sampling method completed the Chinese version of the PoDLiS (C-PoDLiS). Content validity [the content validity index of items (I-CVI) and scale-level content validity index (S-CVI)] was evaluated by an expert panel. Psychometric properties, including item analysis, structure validity (exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis), convergent and discriminant validity, reliability (internal consistency, test-retest reliability), criterion validity (concurrent validity, predictive validity), and floor/ceiling effect were examined.ResultsThe final version of C-PoDLiS is a six-factor structure consisting of 27 items, which explained 61.00% of the total variance. Adequate content validity (I-CVI = 0.833–1.00, S-CVI = 0.920) was ensured by the expert panel. The modified confirmatory factor analysis model revealed that the 6-factor model fitted the data well (χ2/df = 1.532, root mean square error of approximation = 0.042, goodness of fit = 0.900, incremental fit index = 0.949, comparative fit index = 0.948, Tucker–Lewis index = 0.940). The total Cronbach’s α was 0.862, the total McDonald’s ω was 0.869, and the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.856. Results of convergent validity (average variance extracted = 0.486–0.722) and discriminant validity provided good or acceptable psychometric support. Significant correlations between scores of the C-PoDLiS and Mental health literacy scale (r = 0.155–0.581, p < 0.01) and Attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help short form scale (r = 0.361–0.432, p < 0.01) supported good concurrent and predictive validity, respectively. No floor/ceiling effect was found.ConclusionThe C-PoDLiS was demonstrated to be a sound instrument with good reliability and validity for evaluating Chinese perinatal women’s PoDLi levels. Its use in the future can facilitate data aggregation and outcome comparisons across different studies on this topic.

The Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire-Scoliosis (BIDQ-S) is a seven-item questionnaire inquiring into patients' worries about back shape and associated problems at school, at work, with friends or family, and whether the patients are avoiding certain activities. The aim of this study was to translate the BIDQ-S into German (G-BIDQ-S), test its reliability, and establish its convergent, divergent, concurrent, and discriminant validity. In a prospective cohort study, 259 patients with idiopathic scoliosis (mean age 30.2; 221 female; mean Cobb angle 43.8°) completed the G-BIDQ-S; Scoliosis Research Society 22-r (SRS 22-r); Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9); Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS); Questionnaire on Body Dysmorphic Symptoms (FKS); and WHO-5 Well-Being Index. Healthy control individuals matched by age, sex and BMI (n=149; mean age 36.1; 133 female; BMI=23.0) answered the same questions to establish discriminant validity. Discriminant statistics, and Pearson and Spearman correlations were calculated. The G-BIDQ-S proved to be one-factorial, internally consistent (Cronbach alpha=0.87), and stable over time (total score 2.22 vs. 2.21 during retest; retest reliability r=0.79, P<0.001). It correlated significantly with the mean SRS 22-r (r=-0.72, P<0.001) and with Cobb angles (r=0.30, P<0.001)-convergent validity; much less with body mass index (r=0.19, P<0.001)-divergent validity; and with the PANAS (r=0.55, P<0.001), PHQ-9 (r=0.53, P<0.001), FKS (r=0.67, P<0.001), and WHO-5 (r=-0.54, P<0.001)-concurrent validity. The G-BIDQ-S also showed discriminant validity, with a strong difference between the scoliosis group (total score 2.19) and the control group (total score 1.13; P<0.001). The G-BIDQ-S showed good internal consistency, reliability, and convergent, divergent, concurrent, and discriminant validity. This questionnaire is the first one inquiring into patients' body image disturbances that has been validated and is available in German.

This study aimed to develop and validate the Work-Family Enrichment Scale for married shift-working nurses (WFES-N). A methodological study design was used. Preliminary items were generated based on the work-family enrichment theory proposed by Greenhaus and Powell and were refined through a literature review, in-depth interviews, and content validity testing. Data were collected from married shift-working nurses and analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Reliability and validity, including convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity, were examined. Exploratory factor analysis of the preliminary items identified five factors that explained 58.6% of the total variance. Subsequent confirmatory factor analysis supported a four-factor structure consisting of 18 items: benefits of shift work, benefits of multiple roles, economic benefits, and benefits of working. The overall model demonstrated good fit indices. Cronbach's α for the total scale was .93, and test-retest reliability, assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient, was .95. Convergent validity was supported, with composite reliability ranging from .81 to .92 and average variance extracted values ranging from .59 to .62. Discriminant validity was confirmed because the confidence intervals of the inter-factor correlations did not include 1.00. Criterion validity was established through a significant correlation with the Work-Family Enrichment Scale (r=.76, p<.001). The developed WFES-N demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity and provides a context-sensitive tool for assessing work-family enrichment among married shift-working nurses. This instrument may be useful in research and practice aimed at promoting nurses' well-being and work-family balance.

This study aimed to develop and validate the Community Development Competency Scale (ComDe-Scale) for public health nurses (PHNs) working in Community General Support Centers (CGSCs) in Japan. A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted with all 5495 CGSCs, yielding 1562 valid responses (28.4%). Item analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to examine the factor structure, internal consistency, and construct validity. Hypothesis testing included correlations with the Network Establishment Practices Scale (NEPS) and subgroup comparisons by CGSC experience and managerial status. Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed using average variance extracted (AVE), composite reliability (CR), and the Fornell-Larcker criterion. Measurement invariance across management types (direct vs. outsourced) was evaluated through multigroup CFA. The ComDe-Scale demonstrated a three-factor, 20-item structure: (1) Strategic Management for Driving Community Health, (2) Empowerment for Interprofessional and Organizational Collaboration, and (3) Community-Rooted Outreach for Building Networks. Model fit indices indicated a good fit (CFI = 0.955, RMSEA = 0.060). Internal consistency was high (Cronbach's α = 0.845-0.946). All hypotheses for construct validity were supported (p < .001). Convergent validity (AVE = 0.569-0.589, CR = 0.842-0.941) and discriminant validity (√AVE > inter-factor correlations) were confirmed. Partial measurement invariance was observed across management types. The ComDe-Scale demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity and can serve as a practical tool for evaluating and strengthening the competencies of PHNs engaged in community development at CGSCs.

This methodological study was conducted to develop a scale to measure communication self-efficacy in nurses and examine its validity and reliability. We selected 54 initial items from literature reviews and interviews with 10 clinical nurses. Thirty-two preliminary items were derived from consultations with 10 experts. To verify the scale's factor structure, we conducted exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) among 469 nurses. Data were analyzed using item analysis, EFA, CFA, discriminant validity, convergent validity, and internal consistency using IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 29.0 (IBM Corp.) and IBM SPSS AMOS ver. 20.0 (IBM Corp.). The scale consisted of 18 items with three factors (ability to apply therapeutic communication skills, crisis management capabilities, and communication competence), which explained 46.1% of the total variance. Convergent validity and discriminant validity were confirmed for the factors. CFA supported the fit of the measurement model comprising three factors (standardized root mean square residual=.04, root mean square error of approximation=.03, goodness of fit index=.92, Tucker-Lewis index=.97, comparative fit index=.98, normed fit index=.89, critical N=216). Internal consistency was confirmed by a Cronbach's α coefficient of .91. The communication self-efficacy scale for nurses is expected to measure communication self-efficacy among nurses. It will be useful for improving nurses' professional communication abilities.

The global nursing shortage significantly impacts healthcare systems, making nursing’s public image crucial for workforce sustainability. Public perceptions influence career choice, professional identity, and retention. Germany lacks a validated instrument to assess these perceptions. The Nursing Brand Image Scale (NBIS), rooted in brand theory, assesses perceptions via functional and symbolic associations. This study aimed to translate and validate the NBIS for the German public (NBIS-P-G). An online quota sample representative of the German population (N = 950; aged 16–65) was surveyed. Translation followed established guidelines. Structural validity was assessed via exploratory (EFA; N = 420) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA; N = 530). Convergent and discriminant validity, internal consistency, and concurrent validity (correlations with brand attitudes, occupational prestige, career recommendation, political solidarity) were examined. A four-factor solution emerged (Professional Competence and Expertise; Patient-Centered Care and Compassion; Leadership and Influence; Professional Identity Challenges), differing from the original seven-factor NBIS. CFA indicated acceptable fit for the four-factor structure (RMSEA = 0.045, SRMR = 0.054, CFI = 0.942). Internal consistency was strong (α, ω = 0.74–0.95). Convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity were generally supported. The NBIS-P-G demonstrates sound psychometric properties and provides a basis for monitoring public perceptions and evaluating branding initiatives. Further refinement and measurement invariance studies are recommended.

PurposeThis study aimed to adapt and assess the validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the Exercise in Eating Disorders Questionnaire (EED-Q) in order to diversify and offer a more comprehensive, effective, and standardized assessment of maladaptive exercise (ME) in ED. MethodsThe EED-Q is a self-reported questionnaire that assesses eating disorders (ED) patients' attitudes towards exercise. Based on the four-factor model of the original version, the EED-Q was adapted through forward and back-translation and inconsistencies were addressed through a committee of experts. Then, the EED-Q Spanish version (S-EED-Q) was administered to 172 patients with eating disorders (age = 15.28 ± 1.64 years). An exploratory factor analysis was computed to assess the construct validity. Inter-item correlations, item-factor correlations, McDonald's Omega, and Cronbach's Alpha were estimated to test the internal consistency (reliability). In addition, convergent validity was tested by relating EED-Q and the Eating Disorders Inventory 2 (EDI-2) scores, discriminant validity was assessed comparing EED-Q item-factor correlations, and divergent validity was conducted by analyzing EED-Q factor correlations. ResultsThe S-EED-Q revealed significant generalized correlations among the scale items and showed good reliability scores (McDonald's Omega and Cronbach's alpha >0.7) except for Factor 2 (McDonald's Omega = 0.63 and Cronbach's alpha = 0.58). After eliminating items 8 and 15 due to their low factor loadings, the EFA revealed a robust empirical factor structure, adequate to the theoretical model, with good levels of total explained variance (65%). Convergent, discriminant and divergent validity showed good performance: results showed expected correlations between EED-Q and EDI-2, all items achieved higher item-factor correlations in their theoretical factor than in the others, and all factor-factor correlations were as expected. ConclusionThis study is the first to adapt and validate the S-EED-Q. The psychometric properties of the S-EED-Q compared to the original version were supported with some limitations. Although the psychometric properties of the scale are adequate and the construct, convergent, discriminant and divergent validity are endorsed, some of the original items are questionable. Likewise, the items of the positive and healthy exercise factor require an in-depth revision.

Frontal Assessment Battery in Early Cognitive Impairment: Psychometric Property and Factor Structure.

Traditional "paper-and-pencil" testing is imprecise in measuring speed and hence limited in assessing performance efficiency, but computerized testing permits precision in measuring itemwise response time. We present a method of scoring performance efficiency (combining information from accuracy and speed) at the item level. Using a community sample of 9,498 youths age 8-21, we calculated item-level efficiency scores on 4 neurocognitive tests, and compared the concurrent, convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity of these scores with simple averaging of standardized speed and accuracy-summed scores. Concurrent validity was measured by the scores' abilities to distinguish men from women and their correlations with age; convergent and discriminant validity were measured by correlations with other scores inside and outside of their neurocognitive domains; predictive validity was measured by correlations with brain volume in regions associated with the specific neurocognitive abilities. Results provide support for the ability of itemwise efficiency scoring to detect signals as strong as those detected by standard efficiency scoring methods. We find no evidence of superior validity of the itemwise scores over traditional scores, but point out several advantages of the former. The itemwise efficiency scoring method shows promise as an alternative to standard efficiency scoring methods, with overall moderate support from tests of 4 different types of validity. This method allows the use of existing item analysis methods and provides the convenient ability to adjust the overall emphasis of accuracy versus speed in the efficiency score, thus adjusting the scoring to the real-world demands the test is aiming to fulfill. (PsycINFO Database Record

The advent of COVID-19 and its impacts have prompted fear and stigma among people all across the world. Because of stigma, there was often a delay in diagnosis and treatment, which resulted in a poor prognosis. As a result, a reliable scale is required to measure the level of fear and stigma of COVID-19 reinfection. To develop and validate a scale for determining the level of fear and stigma of COVID-19 reinfection. A cross-sectional study including 200 nursing-college students who had previously tested positive for COVID-19 was conducted. The scale's reliability was evaluated by external and internal consistency methods. Construct, convergent, and discriminant validity were evaluated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The scale's mean score was 24.85 ± 11.35, and no floor or ceiling effects were detected. The scale items' reliability, measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient if an item was deleted, ranged from 0.76 to 0.95, with a total score value of 0.86. The range of convergent validity coefficients was between 0.37 and 0.64. Pearson's correlation coefficients for test-retest validity ranged from 0.71 to 0.93, with a total score of 0.82. The coefficient of split-half correlation was 0.87, while the coefficient of reliability was 0.93. According to the factor analysis, two components had latent roots larger than 1. The rotated component matrix of the two factors revealed that all items had R values over 0.30, indicating that none of them should be excluded. In addition, CFA results revealed that χ2 = 3524, df = 1283, χ2/df ratio = 2.74, p < 0.001, GFI = 0.86, CFI = 0.92, AGFI = 0.88, and RMSEA = 0.05. The scale's convergent and discriminant validity was confirmed. The 14-item, two-dimensional Fear and Stigma of COVID-19 Reinfection Scale (FSoCOVID-19 RS) was demonstrated to have reliable psychometric properties.

Frailty, a multidimensional syndrome, is linked with heightened risk of adverse outcomes. Targeted physical therapy interventions for individuals with frailty have proven beneficial, underscoring the value of routine frailty assessment in both clinical and research settings. This study aimed to: (1) describe development of a simple self-report cumulative deficits frailty scale (Sr-CDFS); (2) establish the criterion validity of Sr-CDFS against the commonly used Fried's frailty scale and Study of Osteoporotic Fracture criteria (SOF); and (3) assess other concurrent validity and internal consistency of the new Sr-CDFS. The study included 230 older adults ( M age= 79.27±7.42years), with 76.5% being women. Outcome measures were: (1) validated frailty scales, including Fried's frailty phenotype, SOF, and Sr-CDFS; and (2) a battery of tests for impairment, activity limitations, and health status. Data analysis involved calculating frailty prevalence using the validated frailty scales. The clinimetric properties of the Sr-CDFS were assessed against validated frailty scales. Convergent and discriminative validity of the Sr-CDFS were examined. Internal consistency and structure were evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and exploratory factor analysis. No differences ( P =.80) in frailty prevalence were found between Fried (26.1%) and SOF (25.2%) methods. The Sr-CDFS exhibited excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=.92), with reliability of questionnaire components (health, falls, physical, cognitive, socioemotional function) ranging from .73 (falls) to .90 (physical ability). Additionally, the Sr-CDFS demonstrated convergent and discriminative validity, with its total score and various parts correlating significantly with most outcomes ( r =.25-.59, P <.05). Using K1-criterion and a scree plot, we identified a 5-factor solution that had a common variance of 63.9%. The newly developed Sr-CDFS exhibits robust clinimetric properties with good-to-excellent reliability and validity. The newly developed Sr-CDFS has the potential to increase the feasibility of assessing frailty in clinical settings or large-scale epidemiological studies.

The Medication-Related Burden Quality of Life (MRB-QoL) is a patient-reported measure of medicines burden on functioning and well-being in people with long-term conditions (LTCs). The Arabic version has demonstrated good content validity; however, no data is available on its other psychometric properties. To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Arabic MRB-QoL tool. Four hundred patients (≥18 years) with LTCs were recruited from a tertiary hospital in the United Arab Emirates. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed using Principal Axis Factoring for extraction and Oblimin rotation. Cronbach's alpha, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and minimum detectable change (MDC) assessed internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and measurement error, respectively. Structural, Known-group, convergent, and discriminant validity were evaluated using EFA, Mann Whitney U test, and Spearman's rank correlations tests, respectively. Convergent validity (r>0.3, moderate to high correlations) and discriminant validity (r<0.3, weak correlations) were examined through correlation with the Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI), Drug Burden Index (DBI), and 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) measures. Known-group validity was assessed by comparing MRB-QoL scores across clinically diverse groups. EFA revealed a 31-item, four-factor structure accounting for 78.5% of the variance. Reliability results showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.973) and test-retest reliability (ICC=0.994). The MDC for the total MRB-QoL was 3.89, indicating that a change of more than 4 points between 2 measurements reflects a true difference with 95% confidence. There were weak correlations between domains of MRB-QoL and MRCI (r 0.120 to 0.152) indicating discriminant validity. Correlations between the mental component summary of the SF-12 and MRB-QoL (r=-0.387) and its domains (r -0.357 to -0.374) suggested convergent validity. Patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity had higher median MRB-QoL scores, showing known-group validity. This study demonstrated that the Arabic MRB-QoL is a valid and reliable medication-related burden (MRB) measure with good construct validity, including structural, known-group, convergent, and discriminant validity. It also shows excellent reliability, with high internal consistency, low measurement error, and good test-retest reliability. These findings support its use as a psychometrically robust measure for assessing MRB and facilitating person-centred medicines optimisation services in Arabic-speaking populations.

Background: Video consultations in healthcare are remote solutions for delivering assessments and treatments to patients. The acceptance and use of video consultations may depend on self-efficacy among healthcare practitioners. Measuring self-efficacy in providing video consultations may identify individuals with insufficient self-efficacy and enable targeted interventions and support. No valid and reliable scale was available for measuring self-efficacy in the Norwegian context. Therefore, our aim was to develop (Study 1) and validate (Study 2) a new research-based video consultation self-efficacy scale for Norwegian practitioners in specialized healthcare. Method: In Study 1, we developed preliminary scale items, based on results from a systematic review. These items were subjected to experts’ opinions in a modified Delphi method-based study. The experts also suggested additional items. These results were then used in developing an initial video consultation self-efficacy scale. In Study 2, this scale was validated in a questionnaire study. Reliability was examined by using item analysis and Cronbach’s alpha (internal consistency). Construct validity was examined by using exploratory factor analysis and Spearman’s correlation (convergent and divergent validity). Results: In Study 1, a total of 56 scale items were considered, and resulted in a preliminary 15-item scale. In Study 2, item analysis and exploratory factor analysis resulted in a unidimensional 12-item video consultation self-efficacy scale. Cronbach’s alpha (internal consistency) was (α) = .974. The Spearman’s correlations showed a moderate positive correlation between the 12-item scale and the Digital Competence Questionnaire, a weak positive correlation between the 12-item scale and the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and a weak positive correlation between the 12-item scale and the WHO-5 Well-Being Index. These results suggest that the scale is a reliable and valid measure for assessing practitioners’ self-efficacy in providing video consultations to patients in specialized healthcare. Implications: We recommend further, more comprehensive, validation of the scale in different contexts in Norwegian specialized healthcare, such as in different clinical specialties and with larger samples. Keywords: development and validation, self-efficacy scale, specialized healthcare, practitioners, video consultation