Abstract
Abstract Double‐low (00) varieties of oilseed rape ( Brassica napus L.), characterized by no erucic acid in seed oil and a very low glucosinolates content in seed meal make one of the major plant oil sources nowadays. Further improvement of quality traits is very important for establishing a strong position of rapeseed in the oil crops market and the main selection goals concern: increasing seed yield, broadening of genetic diversity, modification of seed oil composition and natural antioxidants content, and improvement of seed meal quality. Taking into account that B. napus is an amphiploid, phenotypical and statistical analyses applied during selection are often time‐consuming and difficult. However, application of DNA markers that enable genotyping at early developmental levels, independently from changing environment conditions, could make the selection process time‐ and cost‐effective. Development of genetic markers based on the most modern methods of molecular biology and biotechnology seems to be one of the main topics of scientific research to be applied for quality breeding. DNA markers can be developed as a result of genetic mapping and quantitative trait locus analyses as well as gene tagging and searching for important differences in nucleotide sequences. Genomic, proteomic, and metabolic studies enable insight into molecular mechanisms and biochemical pathways and also help in identification of crucial genes as well as genomic regions involved in expression of traits of interest. Up till now, several DNA markers have been developed and applied for oilseed rape quality breeding, that is, for monitoring of cytoplasmic male sterility systems as well as restorer genes, pathogenes and abiotic stress resistance, dwarf genotypes, and seed oil content. Genetic markers are also used for prediction of hybrid performance, gene‐flow, and transgene assessment, and new challenges arise concerning development of reliable methods for accessing population diversity as well as testing of candidate varieties with the use of proper genetic markers.
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