Development and Evaluation of a Fraud Detection Method Using Likelihood Ratio and Correlation in Food Traceability

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze and investigate analyzed core operational problems of aquatic products with food traceability system and their performance in the Taiwanese market and to develop the marketing strategies to solve these core operational problems.Design/methodology/approachBased on all of the core operational problems derived from the literature, the paper interviewed distributors and aquatic product producers and collected their ideas to resolve the above problems. Then, the study applies the TRIZ theory to find the improving and worsening parameters for those issues, based on which the study can develop strategies to improve the marketing model of aquatic products with food traceability systems to solve operational problems.FindingsThe findings of the study are of three fold: identified seven core problems of aquatic products with food traceability systems; identified seven strategies for improving marketing model to solve operational problems of aquatic products with food traceability systems and developed the new marketing model to solve operational problems for aquatic products with food traceability systems.Practical implicationsPromoting the food traceability certification comprehensively cannot only improve the food safety in Taiwan but also improve the competitiveness of Taiwanese industries as well as help to expand to the international market.Originality/valueThe contribution of this study lies in extending the body of knowledge of application of TRIZ methodology in marketing model for aquatic products with food traceability systems. The findings of this study can be used as a reference for aquaculture products with traceability systems in other countries, as food safety is a globally growing trend.

Understanding how information facilitates consumer trust in food safety: the cases of Australian and Taiwanese consumers’ perspectives

Fraud, waste and abuse have been a concern in healthcare system due to the exponential increase in the loss of revenue, loss of reputation and goodwill, and a rapid decline in the relationship between healthcare providers and patients. Consequently, fraud, waste and abuse result in a high cost of healthcare services, decreased quality of care, and threat to patients’ lives. Its enormous side effects in healthcare have attracted diverse efforts in the healthcare industry, data analytics industry and research communities towards the development of fraud detection methods. Hence, this study examines and analyzes fraud, waste and abuse detection methods used in healthcare, to reveal the strengths and limitations of each approach. Eighty eight literatures obtained from journal articles, conference proceedings and books based on their relevance to the research problem were reviewed. The result of this review revealed that fraud detection methods are difficult to implement in the healthcare system because new fraud patterns are constantly developed to circumvent fraud detection methods. Research in medical fraud assessment is limited due to data limitations as well as privacy and confidentiality concerns. Keywords: abuse, fraud, healthcare, waste, fraud detection methods

Food Traceability is regarded as a critical capability to enable and improve food safety both in public and private sector. However, the market practice to food traceability system (FTS) is not perfect. In lots of cases, the inefficient traceability supply is attributed to the gap of public's demand on higher traceability level and private companies' insufficient supply as expected. The fact is that public sector is less informed about quality and safety attributes of food than private sector, but private sector does not have adequate incentive to cover the gap. In order to explore how to mitigate the gap, this paper reviewed the key concepts and adoption history of FTS, compared the different incentives of each role in the ecosystem to adopt FTS, and analyzed the impacts of those incentives on the system design. Then a conceptual framework is developed to guide the FTS design with insight in the architecture design, functionality collection and business model design. Finally, theoretical and practical implications are discussed and future research opportunities are suggested.

Food traceability as an integral part of logistics management in food and agricultural supply chain

Two-dimensional code technology has been applied to all aspects of production and life, such as auto parts production line tracking, product traceability, medical emergencies, e-commerce, media and tourism. However, these two-dimensional code application generally concentrated in record numbers, letters and words, but in practice many applications need to record the image, such as the admission of students who require a printed picture as a security basis. Establish an efficient food traceability systems available, one aspect of the need to analyze the food production and processing sectors in the more complex and require the use of efficient and reliable two-dimensional code identification and data collection related equipment; on the other hand to analyze the correlation algorithm for large data storage and traceability information model. Introduction In recent years, food safety issues widespread concern in the community and public opinion, it is related to people's health and life safety of the livelihood of people [1]. The sales cycle data collection, storage, make the appropriate inquiries and supervision and management, and provide consumers with accurate, efficient and credible food information platform, the establishment of information traceability system is an ideal tool for effective management of food safety [2]. In the construction of traceability system, involving every aspect of food production, transportation, storage, etc. should be able to be recorded, it can be traced back [3, 4]. Food needs to be monitored by IT to connect through the appropriate bar code reading device and the internet, to achieve effective management of food information [5]. When it comes to research and development in food traceability system, how to integrate business data really a industry chain, establish and improve data collection, transmission, storage, query system model, multi-user, multi-sectoral inquiry, supervision, traceability and other functions, is reform should focus on system design issues need to be developed considering the time [6]. To sum up, really want to establish a food traceability regulatory decision-making platform, making the government decision-making and food control data can be effectively supported and technical support from the platform, forming a food traceability system based on information technology [7]. The study of two-dimensional code image storage and identification has important significance. This paper presents a two-dimensional code technology for product traceability applications logistics system solutions through the use of information technology. Establish and improve the food safety traceability system for food production, circulation can be traced back to do, you can query, manageable, of which the origin of the raw materials for the food information, logistics information. Related theory of Two-dimensional code image Traceability security information management. According to statistics, at present our products in the circulation costs account for 40% to 60% of the total cost, which not only increases the burden on consumers, but also seriously affected the promotion of their products. Production-oriented enterprises through the establishment of the logistics management system, the products in circulation dropped 20 percent less cost. Therefore, the establishment of information security products, logistics 4th National Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (NCEECE 2015) © 2016. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 125 control sys For the monitoring can be prin Unity Enqu understand manageme Dimens range of c information The test of the left a products fo products d experiment Fig. 2. tem is very above, the identified ted as pas iries, enter the produc nt system f

IoT-based food traceability system: Architecture, technologies, applications, and future trends

Unease about the numerous food safety incidents in China has unleashed public rage, outcry, and continuous discussion on new public alternatives and government measures. The Chinese government and Chinese technology giants stimulate the development of the food traceability system through unique identification codes attached to food packages that supposedly enable customers to know the whole life story of their food and to put their minds at ease. However, as a market-driven and technocratic approach, the food traceability system tends to carry three common delusions that government and corporate hype has embedded in their mechanisms. The first delusion is that the food traceability system is the optimum choice for solving China's food safety issues. It embodies a certainty machine (Zuboff, 2019) to supersede the necessity of trust and to construct the illusions of perfect information (Winseck, 2002) whereby the consumer is encouraged and incentivized to take on the role of screening and investigating their food to combat complex social and public health issues in China. Another delusion is that a highly integrated food traceability system can increase efficiency and convenience in Chinese society through a relentless automation system and AI-powered data analytics engine. The final delusion is that stiffened food traceability laws and regulations can cause technology giants to withdraw their business involvement in the food industry due to increased responsibility and potential financial liabilities. After critically examining several primary and secondary sources to decipher the multi-faceted relations between the Chinese government, Chinese citizens, foreign capitals, and three Chinese Internet giants (Alibaba, Tencent, and JD), this paper expounds on these three troubling delusions.

Industrialized processing has increased the complexity of the food supply chain. Concerns about food-related risks have increased consumer interest in food traceability. Traceability systems are regarded as effective tools for mitigating information asymmetry and enhancing food quality and safety. However, the design of traditional food traceability systems overlooks the risk of information overload. Based on information overload theory, this study designs an artificial intelligence (AI) traceability assistant as an innovative tool to optimize traditional food traceability systems and examines its positive effects. This study focuses on prepared foods as the research objects, selecting three types of prepared foods (Kung Pao chicken, fish-flavored shredded pork, and pickled fish) and three food traceability tasks (preservatives, sweeteners, and drug residues) as experimental stimuli. Through three online scenario experiments, 747 valid responses were collected. This study explores the impact of AI traceability assistant design on positive consumer engagement behaviors and its underlying mechanism. The results reveal that the AI traceability assistant significantly promotes positive consumer engagement behaviors. This positive effect is mediated by perceived system ease of use. Furthermore, perceived product risk positively moderates the impact of the AI traceability assistant on perceived system ease of use. Perceived product risk strengthens the mediating effect of perceived system ease of use. This study contributes a novel theoretical perspective for research on food traceability systems and reveals the underlying mechanism through which the AI traceability assistant exerts its positive effect. In practice, it provides actionable guidance for food producers implementing digital traceability solutions.

In order to solve frequently emerging food safety problems and adapt to the developing trends in the international food safety field, the Chinese government is establishing and developing food traceability systems. Whether or not food traceability systems can guarantee food safety is a problem well worth discussing. Hence, we constructed a theoretical model to explore the effect of incentives in a food traceability system in order to improve food safety levels. The following results were obtained: enhancing the effectiveness of a food traceability system, increasing the payment to farmers who supply safe agricultural products and strengthening the penalty for unsafe food supply actions are necessary conditions to improve the level of food safety. How to encourage farmers to use food traceability systems is another problem explored in our investigation. Based on a field survey on the willingness of vegetable growers to participate using a vegetable traceability system in Beijing, the first city in China to develop such a system, we used a descriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression model to investigate the factors which dominate the decision on the part of farmers to participate in a food safety system. The results indicate that i: younger farmers are more likely to get involved in a food traceability system than older farmers, ii: income from non-agricultural activities decreases the willingness of farmers to participate, iii: the higher the cost-benefit ratio of growing vegetables, the more likely for farmers to engage in a food traceability system, iv: farmers with a great concern for food safety information have a high propensity to participate and v: increased penalties against unsafe food supply actions and high-risk expectation are adverse incentives. In contrast, high-price expectation is a positive incentive for farmers to participate, while agricultural training, government subsidies and being part of an industrial organization will significantly strengthen the confidence of farmers to participate in a food safety system.

Originally food traceability is not something new, however its added values and potentials which are enabled by information technology is what’s new. Food traceability was imposed on the food industry as a regulatory requirement which came as a response toward food incidents crisis’s like the BSE, salmonella breakouts …etc. These events have made consumers more skeptic about the food they consume especially that a lot of information about food is only known by food producers ,i.e. Genetically modified ingredients, allergic components’ in food…etc, this gap in information has created an information asymmetry situation in the food industry between producers and consumers’, which is well reported in the literature. This study sheds the light on the role of food traceability in reducing uncertainties related to risks of food products, by helping consumers become more informed about the food they consume, through the potentials of tracing food products from farm to fork in a web-based format from the records of traceability systems provided by food producers. Through a survey research we found that food traceability can reduce the aforementioned information asymmetry because it reduces consumer’ perceived risks toward food, this good cause of reducing information asymmetry was found to be faced with a willingness to pay price premiums for traceable products

Applying blockchain technology to improve agri-food traceability: A review of development methods, benefits and challenges

Why is the food traceability system unsuccessful in Taiwan? Empirical evidence from a national survey of fruit and vegetable farmers

Due to globalization, the food-borne illness may cause damage to people’s health in various countries. Such scandals resulted in consumers losing confidence in the government’s ability to manage food safety. To regain consumers’ trust and confidence, many countries placed more emphasis on food traceability, which is capable of recording the details of a specific food as it makes its way from the farm to the table. Accordingly, in 2004, the Taiwan Agriculture and Food Traceability System (TAFTS) were implemented to govern food safety. Being the key stakeholder along the food supply chain, consumers’ acceptance to food traceability plays a critical role in the promotion and persistence of the policy. Based on the technology acceptance model (TAM), a consumers’ acceptance model is proposed by adding three extra constructs of mobile anxiety (MA), social influence (SI), and perceived limitations (PL). A survey of 380 participants being recruited from two major metropolises in Taiwan is conducted to examine the proposed model via structural equation modeling analysis. The empirical results show that the proposed model possesses good model fits and explanatory power. Some findings identify that perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) exhibit significantly positive effects while PLhas a significantly negative effect on both attitude (ATT) and intention to use (ITU). Besides, ATT partially mediates the relationship between beliefs (PU, PEOU or PL) and ITU. However, due to high Internet usage rate and the popularity of social networks, there is no significant effect between two constructs of MA and ATT, MA and ITU, SI and ATT, or SI and ITU. Finally, some recommendations are provided to policymakers for better implementation of TAFTS.

This study employs random nth price auction to investigate consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for food traceability system with both abbreviated and detailed information. Results show that consumers have a positive WTP for both kind of food traceability systems, and on average the premium for apples with detailed information is 10 percent higher than that of apples with abbreviated information. Males, the married and those with relatively low level of education have high premiums for detailed traceability information, while the self-reported healthy consumers would not like to pay much more premium for detailed information. The results also show that consumers show much interest in information of quality certificate and chemical fertilizers/pesticides used in food production provided by food traceability system. Implications for implementing food traceability system were discussed.