Abstract
Calcium phosphate cements (CPC) and mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBG) are two degradable biomaterial groups widely under investigation concerning their applicability to treat bone defects. MBG-CPC composites were recently shown to possess enhanced degradation properties in comparison to pure CPC. In addition, modification of MBG allows an easy incorporation of therapeutically effective ions. Additive manufacturing of such composites enables the fabrication of patient-specific geometries with further improved degradation behavior due to control over macroporosity. In this study, we developed composites prepared from a non-aqueous carrier-liquid (cl) based CPC paste and MBG particles suitable for extrusion-based additive manufacturing (3D plotting). CPC with the addition of up to 10 wt % MBG were processible by adjusting the amount of cl. Scaffolds consisting of a 4, 6 and 8%-MBG-CPC composite were successfully manufactured by 3D plotting. While mechanically characterization of the scaffolds showed an influence of the MBG, no changes of microstructure were observed. During degradation of the composite, the release of Ca2+ and Sr2+ ions could be controlled by the MBG composition and plotted scaffolds with macropores showed a significant higher release than bulk samples of comparable mass. These findings demonstrate a high flexibility regarding ion release of the developed composites and suggest utilizing the drug binding capacities of MBG as a prospective delivery system for biologically active proteins.
Highlights
Calcium phosphates (CaP) are ceramic biomaterials suitable for treatment of bone defects
This calcium phosphate cements (CPC) is a highly suitable material for 3D plotting the incorporation of component another solidinphase in the form of Mesopouros Bioactive Glass (MBG), we demonstrated the expected andDue wastoused as a composite this study
We investigated composites consisting of a self-setting calcium phosphate cement and mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBG-CPC) for the treatment of bone defects
Summary
Calcium phosphates (CaP) are ceramic biomaterials suitable for treatment of bone defects. A special class of CaP are pasty calcium phosphate cements (CPC), which are a suspension of a liquid phase and at least one CaP precursor in a liquid phase [4]. In case of CaP precursors with hydraulic reactivity, like α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP), a self-induced dissolution-precipitation reaction chain starts immediately in contact with aqueous media with the formation of non-stochiometric calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA). Those self-setting CPC formulations traditionally get prepared within the operating theater by mixing the precursor powder with an aqueous liquid and have to be injected into injured bone tissue quickly. Otherwise the precipitation reaction will hinder extrudability of the cement through a needle, caused by a filter-pressing effect, which describes
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