Abstract
Spherical, crystalline ceria nanoparticles of 18–25nm were synthesized from cerium nitrate precursor. The dispersion of as-synthesized ceria nanoparticles in propylene glycol was achieved through extended probe ultrasonication for 14h, leading to ceria–propylene glycol nanofluids. The influence of nanoparticle concentration (0–1vol.%) and temperature on viscosity and thermal conductivity of ceria–propylene glycol nanofluids were investigated. Our data indicate that the higher thermal conductivity enhancement at elevated temperatures (18.8% at 80°C for 1vol.% nanofluid) can be attributed to the particle clustering and Brownian-motion induced microconvection. Ceria nanoparticles interact with propylene glycol leading to disturbance in hydrogen bonding network prevalent in propylene glycol. This resulted in lower viscosity of 0.5vol.% and 1vol.% ceria–propylene glycol nanofluids than propylene glycol over a wide range of temperatures. The heat absorption by ceria–propylene glycol nanofluids under transient, natural convective heat transfer conditions increased with ceria nanoparticle concentration. Hence ceria–propylene glycol nanofluids are suitable for cooling applications.
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