Developing a framework for infection control education in nursing homes: Applying the mixed-methods Delphi technique

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Purpose: Infection control is a critical concern in nursing homes, especially in the post-COVID-19 era, due to the frailty and complex health conditions of older adults. This study aimed to develop an educational framework to improve infection control practices in nursing homes. Methods: We interviewed five infection specialists to gain practical insights. Subsequently, we administered three rounds of Delphi surveys to 20 nursing home practitioners to assess the validity and practicality of the selected items, thereby establishing a comprehensive framework. Results: The interview data revealed three key categories: recipient-centered, interaction-centered, and environment-centered. Following the Delphi surveys, we identified seven crucial factors for practicality in nursing homes: the characteristics of residents’ health, detection of subtle changes, identification of nonverbal signs, effective communication among professionals, feedback and assessment among professionals, following infection control principles, education based on problem-solving, and immunization and isolation strategies for creating a safe environment. Conclusion: By integrating expert insights and validating the framework through the Delphi technique, the proposed framework enhances infection control training and education programs in nursing homes, ultimately ensuring resident safety.