Abstract
Livelihoods and sustainable livelihoods play a very essential role in coastal fishing communities in Vietnam. In this paper, based on the sustainable livelihood model, we evaluate the current situation of coastal fishing livelihoods in the North central region of Vietnam with case study for Nghe An province and identifies favorable and unfavorable factors for accessing livelihood development resources by fishermen. For the research methods, secondary data from selected governmental agencies were gathered, and 200 fishermen were interviewed to collect primary data. The results of this research indicate that the income of fishermen is quite good but not stable due to their dependence on marine resources. Moreover, the types of livelihoods in the coastal zone of Nghe An province face certain difficulties with their specific occupational characteristics such as lack of capital, no stable job, reduced marine resources, weather dependence, lack of labor. Based on these, 3 groups of solutions and policies are proposed to promote sustainable livelihood development for coastal fishermen in Nghe An province, such as renewing fishing activities, promoting specialization and associating in maritime manufacturing and processing, as well as developing a variety of occupational groups associated with the exploitation of marine resources.
Highlights
Livelihood is defined as a means of securing human life
In this paper, based on the sustainable livelihood model, we evaluate the current situation of coastal fishing livelihoods in the North central region of Vietnam with case study for Nghe An province and identifies favorable and unfavorable factors for accessing livelihood development resources by fishermen
There are many different understandings about the coastal zone; in this study, we focus on surveying and building livelihoods for fishermen in coastal districts and towns with occupational activities relating to marine resources, depending on marine resources
Summary
Livelihood is defined as a means of securing human life. Among various levels, household is the most popular level of livelihood. In Vietnam, there have been many programs to support communities in order to transform and improve their livelihoods in a sustainable way since 2000. Livelihood activities are greatly influenced by many different factors, including resources (nature, society, human, material, infrastructure, etc.). Researching livelihood status of fishermen in the North Central Coast of Vietnam is an important basis for proposing effective and feasible solutions to develop sustainable livelihoods for coastal fishing communities in the process of integration and development. There are 6 provinces and cities in the North Central region including Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Binh, Quang Tri and Thua Thien Hue. In 2016, its area is 50,778.1 km and its population is 10,551.5 thousand people, accounting for 15.3% of national area and 11.4% of national population (NASO, 2017)
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