Abstract

铊中毒目前尚无特效驱排剂,普鲁士蓝是临床上使用最多的解毒药物,一些络合剂也在使用,但对其确切效果研究不多.现将一些有关研究复习如下.一、普鲁士蓝(prussian blue,PB)(一)名称与化学结构:PB是一种古老的深蓝色颜料,于1704年首次制造.PB的名称有许多,如柏林蓝、中国蓝、巴黎蓝、汉堡蓝、矿物蓝、铁蓝、贡蓝、色素蓝、赤血盐、腾氏蓝等.这些名称在化学上称为亚铁氰化铁(ferric ferrocyanide,或ferric hexacyanoferrate),化学分子式为:Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3,分子量为859.25.还有许多相关的铁氰化合物也称为PB,通用化学分子式为:M+Fe3[Fe2(CN)6].H2O,其中M+可以是一价阳离子,如钾、钠或铵.亚铁氰化铁又被称为不溶性PB,而铁氰化物与钾结合形成亚铁氰化钾或六氰高铁酸钾{KFe3Ⅲ[FeⅡ(CN)6]3,K2Fe2Ⅲ[FeⅡ(CN)6]3}又被称为可溶性PB.事实上所谓可溶性PB并不溶于水,因可形成胶体乳液,通过滤纸过滤而不会有沉淀物,好像溶液,由此得名.不溶性和可溶性PB的化学结构图见图1。

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