Determining pediatric nurses' anxiety levels, concerns, and metaphor perceptions towards artificial intelligence technologies: A mixed-method study.

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, together with the availability of big data in society, creates uncertainties about how these developments will affect healthcare systems worldwide. Compassion is essential for high-quality healthcare and research shows how prosocial caring behaviors benefit human health and societies. However, the possible association between AI technologies and compassion is under conceptualized and underexplored. The aim of this scoping review is to provide a comprehensive depth and a balanced perspective of the emerging topic of AI technologies and compassion, to inform future research and practice. The review questions were: How is compassion discussed in relation to AI technologies in healthcare? How are AI technologies being used to enhance compassion in healthcare? What are the gaps in current knowledge and unexplored potential? What are the key areas where AI technologies could support compassion in healthcare? A systematic scoping review following five steps of Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Presentation of the scoping review conforms with PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews). Eligibility criteria were defined according to 3 concept constructs (AI technologies, compassion, healthcare) developed from the literature and informed by medical subject headings (MeSH) and key words for the electronic searches. Sources of evidence were Web of Science and PubMed databases, articles published in English language 2011-2022. Articles were screened by title/abstract using inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data extracted (author, date of publication, type of article, aim/context of healthcare, key relevant findings, country) was charted using data tables. Thematic analysis used an inductive-deductive approach to generate code categories from the review questions and the data. A multidisciplinary team assessed themes for resonance and relevance to research and practice. Searches identified 3,124 articles. A total of 197 were included after screening. The number of articles has increased over 10 years (2011, n = 1 to 2021, n = 47 and from Jan-Aug 2022 n = 35 articles). Overarching themes related to the review questions were: (1) Developments and debates (7 themes) Concerns about AI ethics, healthcare jobs, and loss of empathy; Human-centered design of AI technologies for healthcare; Optimistic speculation AI technologies will address care gaps; Interrogation of what it means to be human and to care; Recognition of future potential for patient monitoring, virtual proximity, and access to healthcare; Calls for curricula development and healthcare professional education; Implementation of AI applications to enhance health and wellbeing of the healthcare workforce. (2) How AI technologies enhance compassion (10 themes) Empathetic awareness; Empathetic response and relational behavior; Communication skills; Health coaching; Therapeutic interventions; Moral development learning; Clinical knowledge and clinical assessment; Healthcare quality assessment; Therapeutic bond and therapeutic alliance; Providing health information and advice. (3) Gaps in knowledge (4 themes) Educational effectiveness of AI-assisted learning; Patient diversity and AI technologies; Implementation of AI technologies in education and practice settings; Safety and clinical effectiveness of AI technologies. (4) Key areas for development (3 themes) Enriching education, learning and clinical practice; Extending healing spaces; Enhancing healing relationships. There is an association between AI technologies and compassion in healthcare and interest in this association has grown internationally over the last decade. In a range of healthcare contexts, AI technologies are being used to enhance empathetic awareness; empathetic response and relational behavior; communication skills; health coaching; therapeutic interventions; moral development learning; clinical knowledge and clinical assessment; healthcare quality assessment; therapeutic bond and therapeutic alliance; and to provide health information and advice. The findings inform a reconceptualization of compassion as a human-AI system of intelligent caring comprising six elements: (1) Awareness of suffering (e.g., pain, distress, risk, disadvantage); (2) Understanding the suffering (significance, context, rights, responsibilities etc.); (3) Connecting with the suffering (e.g., verbal, physical, signs and symbols); (4) Making a judgment about the suffering (the need to act); (5) Responding with an intention to alleviate the suffering; (6) Attention to the effect and outcomes of the response. These elements can operate at an individual (human or machine) and collective systems level (healthcare organizations or systems) as a cyclical system to alleviate different types of suffering. New and novel approaches to human-AI intelligent caring could enrich education, learning, and clinical practice; extend healing spaces; and enhance healing relationships. In a complex adaptive system such as healthcare, human-AI intelligent caring will need to be implemented, not as an ideology, but through strategic choices, incentives, regulation, professional education, and training, as well as through joined up thinking about human-AI intelligent caring. Research funders can encourage research and development into the topic of AI technologies and compassion as a system of human-AI intelligent caring. Educators, technologists, and health professionals can inform themselves about the system of human-AI intelligent caring.

Technology based on artificial intelligence (AI) is a revolutionary force that is changing economies, civilizations, and industries all over the world. AI, which has its roots in computer science and cognitive psychology, is a wide range of tools and methods designed to make robots capable of doing activities that have historically required human intellect. This abstract examines the many facets of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, including its fundamentals, uses, difficulties, and ramifications. Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology comprises several subfields such as robotics, computer vision, natural language processing, machine learning, and expert systems. Particularly, machine learning techniques have propelled incredible progress by allowing computers to learn from data and make judgments or predictions without the need for explicit programming. Natural language processing allows machines to comprehend, interpret, and produce human language, hence facilitating human-computer interaction. Machines can now see, analyze, and interpret visual data from the real world thanks to computer vision technology. Applications of AI technology may be found in a wide range of industries, including manufacturing, healthcare, finance, transportation, agriculture, education, and entertainment. AI-powered solutions help in drug discovery, medical imaging analysis, diagnosis, and customized therapy in the healthcare industry. AI algorithms are used in finance to power automated trading, fraud detection, risk assessment, and customer support. AI makes it possible for transportation to include predictive maintenance, traffic management, and driverless cars. Artificial Intelligence enhances supply chain management, quality assurance, and production processes in manufacturing. AI technology has the potential to revolutionize many industries, but it also comes with dangers and problems. These include privacy concerns, security hazards, ethical dilemmas, issues with prejudice and fairness, and effects on society and employment. Responsible AI methods, legal frameworks, multidisciplinary cooperation, and ethical standards are all necessary to meet these issues. Future prospects for AI technology development include the ability to solve challenging issues, spur creativity, increase productivity, and improve quality of life. But to fully utilize AI, one must take a comprehensive strategy that strikes a balance between the advancement of technology and ethical issues, human values, and social well-being. In summary, artificial intelligence (AI) technology is at the vanguard of innovation, presenting never-before-seen possibilities to transform whole sectors, spur economic expansion, and tackle global issues. AI has the ability to usher in a future of greater human-machine collaboration, innovation, and wealth through the promotion of collaboration, transparency, and ethical stewardship. the Ranking of the Artificial Intelligence using the TOPSIS Method . Interpretable Models is got the first rank whereas is the Ethical AI is having the Lowest rank. Keywords: Explainable AI (XAI), Interpretable Models, Ethical AI ,Responsible AI, Robustness and Adversarial Defense, Continual Learning, Federated Learning, Human-Centric AI, AI Governance and Policy

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has been continuously advancing and finding extensive applications, with one of its core technologies, machine learning, being increasingly utilized in the field of healthcare. This research aims to explore the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology in psychological counseling and utilize machine learning algorithms to predict counseling outcomes. Firstly, by employing natural language processing techniques to analyze user conversations with AI chatbots, researchers can gain insights into the psychological states and needs of users during the counseling process. This involves detailed analysis using text analysis, sentiment analysis, and other relevant techniques. Subsequently, machine learning algorithms are used to establish predictive models that forecast counseling outcomes and user satisfaction based on data such as user language, emotions, and behavior. These predictive results can assist counselors or AI chatbots in adjusting counseling strategies, thereby enhancing counseling effectiveness and user experience. Additionally, this study explores the potential and prospects of AI technology in the field of psychological counseling. The research findings indicate that the designed machine learning models achieve an accuracy rate of approximately 89% in analyzing psychological conditions. This demonstrates significant innovation and breakthroughs in AI technology. Consequently, AI technology will gradually become a highly important tool and method in the field of psychological counseling. In the future, AI chatbots will become more intelligent and personalized, providing users with precise, efficient, and convenient psychological counseling services. The results of this research provide valuable technical insights for further improving AI-supported psychological counseling, contributing positively to the application and development of AI technology.

Masters or Slaves? AI and the Future of Humanity

The article discusses the essence and features of modern Internet marketing based on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. The article examines how AI can help online marketers collect and analyze consumer data, segment and personalize audiences, create and distribute effective content, optimize and automate advertising campaigns, and measure and improve marketing results. The article also analyzes the latest trends in the use of AI technologies by Ukrainian and foreign companies and identifies their advantages.The investigation identified effective AI tools in online marketing, such as chatbots, recommender systems, text generators, sentiment analysers, face and speech recognition systems, etc. The article presents a comparison of AI tools in online marketing of Ukrainian and foreign companies. Foreign companies use modern products that have no analogues in Ukraine. This is due to the popularity of the trend of using AI technologies in foreign companies. In Ukraine, this trend is developing and we can see it in the use of chatbots and CRM systems. They have been implemented by such companies as PrivatBank and Promodo. Despite this, the development of foreign companies is progressive. Previously, only large corporations could afford to use AI technologies, but now young startups are catching up with the trend. AI combined with human capabilities can actually turn business into a universal tool for profit. However, this path is not without obstacles, so the article highlights the challenges of AI that may affect the economic, legal, ethical, and social spheres of life. Scenarios for preventing possible problems allow for the effective use of AI's potential. The article suggests measures that should help society adapt to changes in the socio-economic environment associated with the displacement of humans by AI. It is important to understand the advantages and disadvantages of modern online marketing tools to ensure effective solutions to business problems.

We are glad to introduce you that the 2021 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Applications (ICAITA 2021) was successfully held on September 10-12, 2021. In light of worldwide travel restriction and the impact of COVID-19, ICAITA 2021 was carried out in the form of virtual conference to avoid personnel gatherings. Because most participants were still highly enthusiastic about participating in this conference, we chose to carry out ICAITA 2021 via online platform according to the original schedule instead of postponing it.ICAITA 2021 is to bring together innovative academics and industrial experts in the field of Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Applications to a common forum. The primary goal of the conference is to promote research and developmental activities in Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Applications and another goal is to promote scientific information interchange between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working all around the world. The conference will be held every year to make it an ideal platform for people to share views and experiences in Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Applications and related areas.This scientific event brings together more than 100 national and international researchers in artificial intelligence technologies and applications. During the conference, the conference model was divided into three sessions, including oral presentations, keynote speeches, and online Q&A discussion. In the first part, some scholars, whose submissions were selected as the excellent papers, were given about 5-10 minutes to perform their oral presentations one by one. Then in the second part, keynote speakers were each allocated 30-45 minutes to hold their speeches.We were pleased to invite three distinguished experts to present their insightful speeches. Our first keynote speaker, Prof. Yau Kok Lim, from Sunway University, Malaysia. His research interests include Applied artificial intelligence, 5G networks, Cognitiveradio networks, Routing and clustering, Trust and reputation, Intelligent transportation system. And then we had Prof. Peter Sincak, from Technical University of Kosice, Slovakia. His research includes Artificial Intelligence and Intelligent Systems. Lastly, we were glad to invite Chinthaka Premachandra, from Shibaura Institute of Technology, Sri Lanka. His research interests include Artificial Intelligence, image processing and robotics. In the last part of the conference, all participants were invited to join in a WeChat group to discuss and explore the academic issues after the presentations. The online discussion was lasted for about 30-60 minutes. The first two parts were conducted via online collaboration tool, Zoom, while the online discussion was carried out through instant communication tool, WeChat. The online platform enabled all participants to join this grand academic event from their own home.We are glad to share with you that we still received lots of submissions from the conference during this special period. Hence, we selected a bunch of high-quality papers and compiled them into the proceedings after rigorously reviewed them. These papers feature following topics but are not limited to: Artificial Intelligence Applications & Technologies, Computing and the Mind, Foundations of Artificial Intelligence and other related topics. All the papers have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of international publication standard.Lastly, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to the Chairman, the distinguished keynote speakers, as well as all the participants. We also want to thank the publisher for publishing the proceedings. May the readers could enjoy the gain some valuable knowledge from the proceedings. We are expecting more and more experts and scholars from all over the world to join this international event next year.The Committee of ICAITA 2021List of titles Committee member, General Conference Chair, Technical Program Committee Chair, Academic Committee Chair, Technical Program Committee Member, Academic Committee Member are available in this Pdf.

The emergence and presence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has gained popularity in many areas of human lives, including the education system. Since the technology’s inclusion, numerous studies have indicated AI technology through its benefits and positive impact on the teaching and learning process. However, teachers’ perceptions and perspectives on the benefits associated with AI technology are crucial in ensuring its successful integration. Teachers’ pragmatic decisions on how they will benefit from AI technology will influence their willingness to integrate it into their teaching process. This matter becomes more significant looking at the need for AI technology in Visual Art Education (VAE) subject area that emphasizes the development and translation of creative and innovative ideas in the production of works of art. To date, there are limited published studies that address similar issues, especially in the local context of Malaysia and the VAE subject area. Considering the above statements, the present study aims to examine the VAE teachers’ readiness, perception, and attitude toward integrating AI in art classrooms. The study was conducted through the distribution of a survey questionnaire to 253 VAE teachers from 43 public secondary schools in Selangor, Malaysia. Findings from the study informed that the VAE teachers’ current usage and readiness toward integrating AI technology is at a moderate level, although they did post a positive perception and attitude toward its integration into art classrooms. Based on the research findings, this study will suggest several mechanisms that need to be implemented either by the government, school administration, or teachers themselves to ensure that AI technology will be integrated more effectively, creatively, and innovatively.

Simple SummaryArtificial intelligence (AI) technology has been advancing rapidly in recent years and is being implemented in society. The medical field is no exception, and the clinical implementation of AI-equipped medical devices is steadily progressing. In particular, AI is expected to play an important role in realizing the current global trend of precision medicine. In this review, we introduce the history of AI as well as the state of the art of medical AI, focusing on the field of oncology. We also describe the current status of the use of AI for drug discovery in the oncology field. Furthermore, while AI has great potential, there are still many issues that need to be resolved; therefore, we would provide details on current medical AI problems and potential solutions.In recent years, advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technology have led to the rapid clinical implementation of devices with AI technology in the medical field. More than 60 AI-equipped medical devices have already been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States, and the active introduction of AI technology is considered to be an inevitable trend in the future of medicine. In the field of oncology, clinical applications of medical devices using AI technology are already underway, mainly in radiology, and AI technology is expected to be positioned as an important core technology. In particular, “precision medicine,” a medical treatment that selects the most appropriate treatment for each patient based on a vast amount of medical data such as genome information, has become a worldwide trend; AI technology is expected to be utilized in the process of extracting truly useful information from a large amount of medical data and applying it to diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we would like to introduce the history of AI technology and the current state of medical AI, especially in the oncology field, as well as discuss the possibilities and challenges of AI technology in the medical field.

The article is devoted to the study of the application of artificial intelligence technologies in law enforcement activities in Ukraine and the world. The purpose of the article is to analyze the international and domestic experience of using digital technologies in law enforcement activities, to identify the shortcomings of the legal regulation of the use of artificial intelligence in this area, to provide proposals for its improvement in Ukraine. It was found that one of the countries that is actively expanding the use of artificial intelligence and successfully introducing relevant technologies into public administration is China. The artificial intelligence system which is used in China called «Zero Trust». The purpose of using this system is to prevent the commission of corruption offenses. It is emphasized, that the disadvantage of the «Zero Trust» system is that artificial intelligence, identifying the cause of corruption, does not indicate the algorithms and principles of this process. At the same time, the experience of using artificial intelligence in the field of preventing and combating corruption in Ukraine is considered when carrying out automated verification of persons declarations of authorized to perform state and local government functions. Ways of improving legal regulation when conducting financial control of declarations using artificial intelligence technologies are proposed. It has been found that artificial intelligence is widely used in the USA to predict the prevalence and state of crime. It was emphasized that Ukraine also has experience in the application of artificial intelligence technologies in law enforcement activities. Artificial intelligence is used in the development and implementation of departmental specialized intelligent software, the implementation of operative and investigative actions (for the recognition of video objects observation by comparing images in social networks, etc). It was concluded that artificial intelligence and digital technologies help to quickly process large volumes of information in the investigation and prevention of criminal activity. Modern developments in the field of artificial intelligence and advanced digital technologies, which are implemented in foreign countries to prevent and fight crime, are of great importance for the improvement of legal regulation in this field in Ukraine.

Background. Higher education in this digital era is faced with significant changes, especially with the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology. Purpose. This research aims to explore the potential and limitations of integrating AI technology in improving the quality of distance learning and present findings that can guide the development of AI-based pedagogy. Method. This research method adopts a quantitative survey approach to detail the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the context of distance learning in higher education. A total of 20 students were randomly selected as respondents, with sample selection using the purposive sampling method. This process ensures maximum representation of students who have significant experience with the integration of AI technology in their learning. Data was collected through questionnaires focused on effectiveness, adaptability of material, and level of interactivity during learning. Next, descriptive and inferential statistical analysis will analyze patterns and relationships between variables to explore the effectiveness of AI technology, the factors that influence it, and its impact on student learning experiences. Results. Survey results show that the majority of students actively use AI technology, especially several times a week, and express a high level of satisfaction with the use of AI technology in distance learning. Virtual Reality or Augmented Reality learning experiences were considered to benefit the most, even though all respondents experienced challenges or obstacles in using AI technology. Conclusion. The conclusions of this research emphasize the need to address these challenges to maximize the benefits of integrating AI technology in increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of distance learning in higher education.

Background. Higher education in this digital era is faced with significant changes, especially with the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology. Purpose. This research aims to explore the potential and limitations of integrating AI technology in improving the quality of distance learning and present findings that can guide the development of AI-based pedagogy. Method. This research method adopts a quantitative survey approach to detail the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the context of distance learning in higher education. A total of 20 students were randomly selected as respondents, with sample selection using the purposive sampling method. This process ensures maximum representation of students who have significant experience with the integration of AI technology in their learning. Data was collected through questionnaires focused on effectiveness, adaptability of material, and level of interactivity during learning. Next, descriptive and inferential statistical analysis will analyze patterns and relationships between variables to explore the effectiveness of AI technology, the factors that influence it, and its impact on student learning experiences. Results. Survey results show that the majority of students actively use AI technology, especially several times a week, and express a high level of satisfaction with the use of AI technology in distance learning. Virtual Reality or Augmented Reality learning experiences were considered to benefit the most, even though all respondents experienced challenges or obstacles in using AI technology. Conclusion. The conclusions of this research emphasize the need to address these challenges to maximize the benefits of integrating AI technology in increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of distance learning in higher education.

Background. Higher education in this digital era is faced with significant changes, especially with the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology. Purpose. This research aims to explore the potential and limitations of integrating AI technology in improving the quality of distance learning and present findings that can guide the development of AI-based pedagogy. Method. This research method adopts a quantitative survey approach to detail the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the context of distance learning in higher education. A total of 20 students were randomly selected as respondents, with sample selection using the purposive sampling method. This process ensures maximum representation of students who have significant experience with the integration of AI technology in their learning. Data was collected through questionnaires focused on effectiveness, adaptability of material, and level of interactivity during learning. Next, descriptive and inferential statistical analysis will analyze patterns and relationships between variables to explore the effectiveness of AI technology, the factors that influence it, and its impact on student learning experiences. Results. Survey results show that the majority of students actively use AI technology, especially several times a week, and express a high level of satisfaction with the use of AI technology in distance learning. Virtual Reality or Augmented Reality learning experiences were considered to benefit the most, even though all respondents experienced challenges or obstacles in using AI technology. Conclusion. The conclusions of this research emphasize the need to address these challenges to maximize the benefits of integrating AI technology in increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of distance learning in higher education.

Background. Higher education in this digital era is faced with significant changes, especially with the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology. Purpose. This research aims to explore the potential and limitations of integrating AI technology in improving the quality of distance learning and present findings that can guide the development of AI-based pedagogy. Method. This research method adopts a quantitative survey approach to detail the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the context of distance learning in higher education. A total of 20 students were randomly selected as respondents, with sample selection using the purposive sampling method. This process ensures maximum representation of students who have significant experience with the integration of AI technology in their learning. Data was collected through questionnaires focused on effectiveness, adaptability of material, and level of interactivity during learning. Next, descriptive and inferential statistical analysis will analyze patterns and relationships between variables to explore the effectiveness of AI technology, the factors that influence it, and its impact on student learning experiences. Results. Survey results show that the majority of students actively use AI technology, especially several times a week, and express a high level of satisfaction with the use of AI technology in distance learning. Virtual Reality or Augmented Reality learning experiences were considered to benefit the most, even though all respondents experienced challenges or obstacles in using AI technology. Conclusion. The conclusions of this research emphasize the need to address these challenges to maximize the benefits of integrating AI technology in increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of distance learning in higher education.

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has become a significant trend today because of its ability to process and analyze data quickly and efficiently. Along with the popularity of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the past ten years, the trend of research, publications, and patents related to AI has experienced rapid and significant growth. AI technology has offered new opportunities for SMEs to assist in market and consumer behavior analysis, enabling them to accurately identify customer trends and preferences. This study aims to determine factors shaping the interest in adopting SMEs towards AI technology. Based on pre-survey data using the FGD method for 10 SME business owners, 32 independent variables were collected to be examined. The population in this study were SMEs assisted by the Department of Cooperatives, SMEs and Trade of the City of Surabaya, and SMEs assisted by PT. Petrokimia within the 2022 period. The sample of the respondents in this study is set as many as 119 SME business owners of the population. The analytical tool used in this research is exploratory factor analysis. The results of this study indicate that six factors shape SMEs' intentions in adopting AI technology, namely the features of AI technology, the awareness of AI technology, the benefits of AI technology, the support of government and external organizations, the influence of social values, and the anthropomorphism factor.

The modern stage of technological advancement is characterized by the dynamic development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and their integration into education. Of the several dozen artificial intelligence technologies used in various spheres of human activity, the most widely used in education are: a) machine learning, b) natural language processing, c) data science and d) intelligent tutoring system. On their basis, artificial intelligence tools are created, which have significant language teaching potential and in many ways change the traditional roles of the teacher and learners in the educational process. However, it should be noted that the integration of artificial intelligence technologies into education in general and foreign language teaching in particular is currently at the initial stage. Educators and learning designers conduct pilot studies investigating the abilities of specific artificial intelligence tools in the formation of foreign language aspects or the development of learners' foreign language communication skills. At the same time, the limited number of empirical research studies does not allow us to talk about the systematicity and comprehensiveness of foreign language teaching based on artificial intelligence technologies. One of the key differences between artificial intelligence technologies and modern information and communication technologies is their AI’s ability to provide a much wider range of feedback. It is owing to this advantage of artificial intelligence that innovative methods of teaching a foreign language will be based, creating new additional conditions for students to master a foreign language and raising the learning process to a new level in terms of the quality of solving learning tasks. However, the consideration of the types of feedback provided by AI tools has not been the subject of separate research, which determined the importance of this study. The aim of the study is to identify the types of feedback provided to learners by artificial intelligence technologies for the subsequent development of teaching methods (teaching technologies and/or typologies of tasks and assignments) based on them. The definition of the types of feedback provided to users by artificial intelligence tools was based on a review and analysis of research in the field of pedagogy and foreign language teaching methods. The sample of sources included research articles and reviews published in academic journals indexed in Scopus and Web of Science (Q1 and Q2), as well as Russian academic journals, included in the list of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Russian Federation (Categories 1 and 2) (pedagogical sciences). The following aspects of teaching methods were the subject of study in the review and analysis of academic papers: a) the artificial intelligence tool used for receiving feedback; b) the target audience of learners; c) the purpose of interaction with artificial intelligence; d) the form of activities; e) the type of feedback used. As a result, the following six types of feedback provided by artificial intelligence tools were identified in this study: a) educational and social; b) information and reference; c) methodological; d) analytical; e) evaluative; f) conditionally creative feedback.