Determine knowledge and belief of Somalian young women about breast cancer and breast self-examination with champion health belief model: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is an important reason for mortality rates in Somalian women. In Somalia, many women are late in applying to the hospital for the diagnosis of BC. Breast self-examination (BSE) is considered an important early detection method for BC in encouraging women to learn to practice BSE, especially for women in developing countries. This study purposed to determine knowledge, and belief of BC and BSE and BSE practice among women in Mogadishu, Somalia using the champion health belief model (CHBM). This cross-sectional study was conducted on 413 women who were between 18 and 49 years of age. The data were collected by using sociodemographic variables (age, marital status, education level, income status), Champion's Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS), and an introductory questionnaire with questions about BC and BSE and between October 2020 and January 2021 in Mogadishu, Somalia. Further descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis analysis test were used to assess data that were not normally distributed. Average age of participants was 22 ± 11.21 years. Only 35.4% of participants had information about BC, 37.8% had heard about BSE before, 25.2% knew BSE, and only 17.2% had done it. Income status, marital status, and age of first birth family were significantly associated with perceived sensitivity, health motivation, convenience, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy for BSE. Overall, the total scores of CHBMS were significantly higher among those who had heard and knowledge about BSE and practiced clinical breast examination (CBE). For the sub-dimensions of perceived sensitivity, health motivation, perceived benefits, barrier, and self-efficacy BSE with hearing about BSE, practicing BSE, knowing to practice BSE, knowing early detection methods of BC and practice CBE significant differences were observed (P < 0.005). This study showed that BSE practice among Somalian women was very low, and they don't have sufficient knowledge about BSE and BC. Furthermore, this study revealed that many CHBMS significantly related to BSE practice in Somalian women, suggesting that BSE health education programs with CHBMS.