Determination of the species of fungi of the genus Fusarium by molecular method

Abstract

Currently, more than 10,000 species of fungi associated with plants have been found, and it is not surprising that fungal diseases cause a lot of harm. Most species of the genus Fusarium are soil protrophs that live on dead plant remains, in the rhizosphere of plants, on the surface of roots. They cause rot of roots, seeds, fruits, tubers, root crops. All forms of fusariums progress at high temperatures and humidity. The analysis of literary sources and experimental data allowed us to formulate the purpose of our research: “To analyze the species diversity of fungi of the genus Fusarium from the soil, table carrot plants, depending on the ecological and geographical zones of growth.” As a result, using PCR analysis, 13 samples attributed to F. langsethiae were identified; 2 samples of F. ochusrohim; 8 samples of F. roae; 2 of F. sporotrichioides; 1 sample attributed to F. sulmorum, this sample was collected in the Rostov region and the Moscow region. It was also revealed that the diversity of soil and climatic conditions in different zones leads to a change in the species composition of representatives of R. Fusarium: the species composition of fungi of R. Fusarium varies significantly depending on agro-climatic conditions. In wetter and warmer conditions (southern regions), specific species of F. culmorum, F. sporotrichiella, and F. oxysporum dominate. F. heterosporum, F. nivale are less common; F. graminearum species lives on plant residues, on plant roots or in the rhizosphere zone, but practically does not occur in the soil in its pure form. Thus, this direction is promising for the study of fungi of the genus Fusarium, since this microorganism lives in the soil and on plants. It is advisable to identify the pathogen from samples from different regions to significantly increas the representativeness of samples within the regions with further identification of diverse mycelium, thereby creating a scale of diverse mycelium.