Abstract
At moderate to high frequencies, incoming and outgoing pressure waves combine to form standing waves in the ear canal. The exact form of the pressure distribution depends on the geometry of the ear canal and on the magnitude, and phase, of the reflected wave relative to the incoming wave. An asymptotic theory describing this interaction is combined with pressure measurements in the ear canal in order to determine the reflection coefficient at the eardrum, the cross-sectional area function of the ear canal, and the relative phase of the reflected wave. The theory is based on a high-frequency multiscale solution of the one-dimensional horn equation and is shown to agree well with experimental measurements of standing wave patterns and with the distribution of phase in the ear canal. Since the absorption of energy at the eardrum is determined, this method is particularly well suited to determine the input to the ear at high frequencies. [Work supported, in part, by the Whitaker Foundation.]
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