Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites are widely used in various high-tech industries. Due to the combination of the elasticity of the matrix and the strength of the inorganic filler, they have improved functional characteristics compared to unfilled polymers. The article is devoted to determining the effect of carbon nanotubes (CNT) on the microstructure and properties of polymeric nanocomposite materials for 3D printing based on polycarbonate. As a result of this work, a series of composite materials was manufactured using a piston extruder. Their microstructure and functional characteristics were investigated using methods of optical microscopy, thermophysical, electrical and mechanical analysis. It was found that CNTs form clusters in the polymer matrix, which form a percolation network at a content of 0.5–0.8 %. This feature of the structure formation of CNTs provided an abrupt increase in the functional characteristics of the materials obtained. It is shown that with an increase in the filler content in the system to 3 %, the thermal conductivity rapidly increases to 1.22 W/(m∙K). A similar effect is observed for the electrical conductivity, which increases by seven orders of magnitude from 10-12 to 10-5 S/cm at 3 % CNT content in the system, exhibiting percolation behavior. With the introduction of CNTs, the crystallinity degree of the polymer matrix decreases by almost 15 %, due to the fact that the developed surface of the nanotubes creates steric hindrances for polycarbonate macromolecules. This effect almost negates the reinforcing effect of nanotubes; therefore, the mechanical tensile strength with the introduction of 3 % CNTs increases by only 21 % compared to the unfilled matrix. In terms of their functional characteristics, the obtained materials are promising for the creation of filaments for 3D printing on their basis.
Highlights
Polymer nanocomposites, as a new class of materials consisting of a polymer matrix and inorganic nanosized filler dispersed in it, has been the subject of intensive research over the past decade [1]
It has been found that conducting filler (CNT) introduced into the composition of the PS matrix, at a content of 0.8 %, form a percolation network that permeates the entire volume of the material
A change in the structure leads to a significant increase in the functional characteristics of the obtained materials
Summary
As a new class of materials consisting of a polymer matrix and inorganic nanosized filler dispersed in it, has been the subject of intensive research over the past decade [1]. The process manufacturing parts using 3D printing technology using classical polymers has its own problems, the main one of which is the limited properties of polymeric materials As it is known, the properties of a printed object directly depend on the properties of polymer filaments. It became necessary to develop new materials with improved mechanical, physical, electrical, magnetic properties for the manufacture of functional components for various industries To solve this problem, nanocomposite polymer materials are used to create filaments [6]. An urgent task is to create nanocomposite polymer materials based on classical polymer matrices modified with inorganic nanofillers In the future, this will make it possible to create filaments on their basis, improve the print quality and increase the necessary properties of the printed object
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