Abstract
This study aims at investigating drivers' risk perception ability. To achieve this objective, the risk sensitivity and risk judgment thresholds of drivers of different ages were calculated. Five scenarios of intersections with risks were established for the driving simulator experiment. The driving behavior data of fourteen younger drivers and fourteen elderly drivers during the risky event and the subjective evaluation of risk by an expert driver were collected. The expert driver's conflict degree and subjective feeling were combined to classify the risk level of driving scene; then, fuzzy signal detection was used to calculate the driver's risk sensitivity (d') and judgment threshold (β). The β with the greatest difference was selected for cluster analysis and drivers were divided into four types according to the threshold. Finally, a driver classification discriminant model was constructed based on Fisher discriminant analysis. The results show that d' and β of younger drivers are both better than those of elderly drivers, younger drivers can detect and respond risks in time, while elderly drivers need be closer to risks and have intuitive feelings to make judgments. The results of the cluster analysis showed that younger drivers account for a large proportion of the sensitive type, indicating that younger drivers can find risks more sensitively in risk scenarios than elderly drivers, while elderly drivers easily ignore risks due to physical and psychological weakness. The correlation analysis showed that age, saccade amplitude and heart rate are the main factors that affect the risk judgment threshold.
Highlights
IntroductionBy 2030, it is expected that the proportion of elderly people (aged 65 years and older) will be 15.8%
The risk sensitivity and judgment threshold were calculated through the probability of hit response and false report
The accuracy of the experiments was determined based on the probability of a hit response and false report, and a difference analysis of the risk sensitivity and judgment threshold was performed
Summary
By 2030, it is expected that the proportion of elderly people (aged 65 years and older) will be 15.8%. For better mobility and flexibility, increasingly more elderly people are choosing to continue driving, which has led to an increasing number of traffic crashes involving elderly drivers [1]. The effects of low risk perception ability on driving behavior in a risky driving environment were studied to provide a theoretical basis for the safe driving of elderly drivers. There are some methods for testing the risk perception of elderly drivers, such as the picture test [7]–[8], driving simulator tests [9]–[13] and vehicle test [14]–[16]. The main method for testing the risk perception ability of elderly drivers is the driving simulator test
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