Determination of lead and cadmium in water samples by magnetic solid-phase extraction with iron oxide@silicon oxide-graphene oxide (Fe3O4@SiO2-GO) hybrid magnetic nanoparticles and microinjection sampling flame atomic absorption spectrometry

Abstract

Here is described the preparation and characterization of iron oxide@silicon oxide-graphene oxide hybrid nanoparticles to remove and recover lead and cadmium from water samples. The high surface area from sorption capacity and low masses used for recovery and removal studies makes these particles attractive for preconcentration and water treatment. The results show that the method provided 97% recovery and 91% removal for lead and 78% recovery and 93% removal for cadmium from water at pH 8.0. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection were 37.0 μg L−1 and 11.7 μg L−1 and limits of quantification were 123.2 μg L−1 and 45.0 μg L−1 for lead and cadmium, respectively. The trueness of the method was confirmed by analyzing a certified reference material (BCR 715) with −11.0% and −15.0% relative error for lead and cadmium, respectively. The results from the certified reference material provided good accuracy (>85%). The method was employed to various water samples using the method of standard addition.