Abstract
Wastewater of hospitals contains materials that would be a threat to alive. These water needs to be checked by a biological purification before leaving to nature. Hospital wastewater has differences than domestic waste because of especially blood, body waste, drugs, chemicals, medical device waste and radioactive materials. We aimed to determine genotoxic effects of total pollution in hospital wastewater on alive by Salmonella microsome test method. In this study, we decided on three hospitals which weren’t checked as biological purification of waste. The samples were taken for six 1-week periods between March 2009 and June 2009. Mutagenite studies of samples taken from hospitals were made with ,Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100. Wastewater samples were evaporated. 27 different test materials were prepared using DMSO, ethanol and acetone solvents, two different MGA plaques were used for each test material. Each experiment was made for 3 times with known results of mutagens and we made it ready for “Ames” test method. We had genotoxicity 50% in Istanbul University Medical Faculty Hospital, 56% in Haseki Hospital and 61% in Vak?f Gureba Hospital. According to three hospitals result there are 9 positives, 9 negatives in DMSO; 9 positives, 9 negatives in ethanol; 12 positives, 6 negatives in acetone. These values are totally 56%. Our results give important information about mutagenic effect of total pollution in hospital wastewater. It is first time researched in Turkey that effect on DNA of pollution is from hospital wastewaters. In prospective studies, it is necessary to use this system as a method to monitor mutagenic genotoxic pollution in hospital wastewaters. These kinds of studies present applicability and importance of our method because of placing in the literature. Method constitutes a new approach to check mutagenite of pollution in hospital wastewater.
Highlights
Medical waste is a byproduct of healthcare that includes blood, chemicals, body parts, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and radioactive materials
Mutagenite studies of samples taken from hospitals were made with Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100
To allow analytical determination, and putative mutagens, with few exceptions, have never even been identified. These kinds of studies are used in order to confirm mutagenic effect of total pollution of different sources on alives or to investigate pollutions that come from only one source [3,4,5,6,7,8] or to investigate materials that is possible to have mutagenic effects ([9,10])
Summary
Medical waste is a byproduct of healthcare that includes blood, chemicals, body parts, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and radioactive materials. Poor management of health care waste may expose healthcare personal, waste handlers, and the community to infectious agents, to toxic materials. Medical waste material causes a large portion of the diseases that develop due to poor waste management. Waste containing chemical substances e.g., laboratory chemicals, empty bottles of lab or pharmacy chemicals, disinfectants that have expired or are no longer needed; solvents, diagnostic kits, poisonous and corrosive materials, and cleaning agents and others. Unused liquids from radiotherapy or laboratory research; contaminated glassware, packages, or absorbent paper; urine and excreta from patients treated or tested with unsealed radio nucleotides; sealed sources.
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