Determinants of Students’ Achievement in Arabic Syntax at Universiti Teknologi MARA (Shah Alam), Malaysia

The article explores methods for assessing a company's performance and describes the impact of external and internal factors and methods for measuring them. The concept of self-management, self-management factors, and a model of the impact of self-management on company performance are described. Given the realities of today's highly competitive and constantly changing market, companies are forced to seek competitive advantages such as better quality, marketing strategy, customer service level, etc. Considering the pace of market development, an important competitive advantage can be the improvement of internal efficiency in the middle of the company and the optimization of business processes. By improving the quality of internal business processes, companies gain an advantage in terms of quality, speed of customer service, etc. The article describes the internal and external factors that affect the efficiency of the company. Internal factors include factors that arise within the company, and external factors include factors that the company has no direct influence on, but must take them into account when conducting business. During the construction of the model, both external and internal factors were taken into account. The model describes the influence of all external and internal factors. The concept of self-management, its main components and the influence of self-management on the company's performance are also described. Given the high level of digitization in modern conditions, self-management and management in general should be completed using modern means. The proposal model describes the effectiveness of the company's activities by selected divisions, the influence of external and internal factors, as well as the influence of self-management, which is implemented with the help of modern software tools. We can note that the implementation of a mobile application for self-management, which will be integrated into the general management system of the company, will help to level internal factors and reduce the influence of external factors, as well as increase the efficiency of the company's activities to improve the efficiency of internal business processes.

This study examines the problem of the influence of internal factors (knowledge, attitude, and work experience) on radiographer compliance and implementation of radiation safety SOPs, the influence of external factors (condition of equipment and facilities, and work safety culture) on radiographer compliance and implementation of radiation safety SOPs, the influence of radiographer compliance on the implementation of radiation safety SOPs, and the influence of internal and external factors on the implementation of radiation safety SOPs through radiographer compliance. The data collection method used a questionnaire with a Likert scale. Data analysis methods include descriptive statistical analysis, SEM-PLS analysis with outer model testing, inner model testing and hypothesis testing. The results of this study indicate that internal factors (knowledge, attitude, and work experience) have a positive and significant effect on radiographer compliance and implementation of radiation safety SOPs at the Radiology Unit of Clinic X, Mecca, KSA. External factors (condition of equipment and facilities, and work safety culture) have a positive and significant effect on radiographer compliance and implementation of radiation safety SOPs at the Radiology Unit of Clinic X, Mecca, KSA. Radiographer compliance has a negative and significant effect on the implementation of radiation safety SOPs at the Radiology Unit of Clinic X, Mecca, KSA. Internal and external factors have a significant influence on the implementation of radiation safety SOPs through radiographer compliance at the Radiology Unit of Clinic X, Mecca, KSA.

Companies should chooseproper competitive tools to be successful in their environment. Beingsuccessful is closely associated with being competitive. Therefore, at the beginning of this work, ageneral look to Competitiveness is taken. In addition to this, the reasons forcompanies to compete are explained. Furthermore, the external and internalfactors related to competitiveness are listed. In further sections, the exampleof Gübretaş is assessed with internal and external competitive factors and itscompetitive tools are explained. Advices for Gübretaş to be more competitiveare also given. In this paper, the reasons for companies to compete are statedand external and internal factors affecting the competition level of companiesare explained. Combination of these external and internal factors affects levelof the competition, In other words, it affects the success of thecompanies. Therefore, the companiesshould deeply analyze these factors, so that they can choose the bestcombination of tools for competition. Being more competitive let the companiesgain more market share in their field. Being big gives advantages for companies. The reason for this is thatbig companies can have more sources than other ordinary companies. Thesecompanies use tools like price, promotion, etc to compete with ordinarycompanies. Therefore, if today’s companies want to obtain success in thecompetition, they should increase their sources as much as possible to defendthemselves against attacks by their competitors. To do this, they shoulddetermine the best practices for competition.

In recent years, the focus on the challenges regarding work from home (WFH) has been escalating throughout the globe. In the context of Malaysia, seeing that this is an emergent issue, there are still limited studies conducted on the framework or model that promote the effectiveness of WFH. However, there are fundamental issues that need to be addressed, namely; (i) the accessibility and coverage; (ii) the acceptance level among the staff and (iii) the quality of productivity. This study outlines two main objectives, which are (i) to examine the internal factors; and (ii) the external factors that influence the staff while WFH during MCO. Thus, there is an increasing need to recognise the benefits and potential challenges towards assisting the human resource practitioners to be more effective in implementing the WFH (Nordin et al., 2016). This study was conducted among the staff of Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) during the Movement Control Order (MCO) from 18 March till 9 June 2020. Based on the survey conducted among 17,541 staff (as per 31 Mac 2020), 1,320 staff volunteered to be involved in this survey. The data was analysed using the SPSS v26. In part, the analysis was carried out to ascertain the main challenges comprising of internal and external factors. From the internal factor, the findings showed that flexible working hour was found as the main factor; mean value of 4.10. Furthermore, for the external factor, the factor on the distraction due to other commitments such as parent/child caretaker and house chores was found as the main factor; mean value of 3.82. The findings of this study significantly contribute towards understanding the internal and external factors of WFH, and serve to measure the productiveness and the effectiveness of WFH from the viewpoint of higher learning institutions. 
 
 Keywords: work from home, staff experience, internal factor, external factor, movement control order

The contentious and growing sustainability concerns within the UAE's oil and gas industries have highlighted the necessity of systematically examining the internal and external organisational factors that influence sustainable procurement (SP) in the industry. This study investigates the internal and external factors most influencing SP in the UAE's oil and gas industry. Utilising questionnaires, the researcher obtained data from 100 procurement professionals working in three oil and gas companies operating in the UAE. The research framework, developed through an extensive literature review, was analysed and tested using structural equation modelling (SEM). The results reveal that both internal and external factors have a positive and statistically significant impact on sustainable procurement, although internal factors have a relatively greater effect. This study found that leadership in change management, internal management structure, management strategy, and infrastructure cost management, are the most influential internal factors affecting SP, whilst social and economic factors are the most influential external factors. An emphasis on these internal and external factors can help oil and gas companies operating in the UAE greatly improve their level of SP performance.

Relevance of the research topic. In modern conditions of society development, the restoration of balanced economic growth to improve the standard and quality of life of the population is an important strategic priority of the public financial management system. Achieving this priority involves the implementation of a set of consistent and interconnected institutional changes in the public finance system, aimed at systematically increasing the level of competitiveness of the domestic economy, reducing its dependence on external conditions. Formulation of the problem. The impact of adverse external and internal factors on the domestic public finance system has led to increasing macroeconomic imbalances, reduced domestic consumption and investment. This highlighted the issue of adapting the public financial management system to the new socio-economic conditions of the country's development. Analysis of recent research and publications. The problem of improving the quality of public finance management system is revealed in many scientific studies of domestic and foreign scientists: J. Keynes, P. Samuelson, J. Stiglitz, S. Kucherenko, L. Levaeva, L. Lysyak, I. Lukyanenko, L. Marmul, V. Makogon,V. Fedosov, I. Chugunov and others. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. A new wave of negative external and internal factors, in particular the COVID-19 pandemic, is exacerbating Ukraine's rapid economic recovery. Against the background of the recession, the prospects for economic growth are difficult. There is a high level of uncertainty about the stability and stability of the public finance system. In this regard, an important task is the rapid implementation of adaptive measures of the public financial management system aimed at activating new factors of economic growth. It is necessary to ensure balanced economic development by increasing the level of factor productivity, increasing the efficiency of financial and budgetary tools, improving the institutional structure of the public finance system. Problem statement, research goals. The objectives of the study are: to substantiate the role of public financial management in enhancing the country's economic growth in terms of increasing the impact of negative internal and external factors; identify the features of the public finance management system; to analyze and evaluate the operations of the general government sector of Ukraine. The aim of the study is to reveal the vectors of development of the public financial management system in modern conditions. Method or methodology of the study. To achieve the goal of the article, a set of general scientific and special methods was used: theoretical generalization and comparison; systemic; comparative analysis; scientific abstraction. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The role of the public financial management system in intensifying the pace of economic growth of the country in the conditions of increasing influence of negative internal and external factors is revealed. The peculiarities of the public finance management system are determined. The analysis and assessment of operations of the general government sector of Ukraine is carried out. The vectors of development of the public finance management system in modern conditions are revealed. Field of application of results. The results of the study can be used in the process of reforming the public financial management system. Conclusions in accordance with the article. Public finance management at a qualitatively new level in the context of increasing negative external and internal factors, in particular the COVID-19 pandemic will ensure macroeconomic stability in the country through a combination of tools of the public administration system. An effective public financial management system will create conditions for the country's economic growth.

This study is focused on analyzing the dependence of identity on internal and external factors and emphasizing the conditions of its realization. In this article, I delve into the understanding of identity formation and outline the conditions that affect the realization of identity through the consideration of existing theoretical positions in the field of identity. In this regard, the understanding of identity, the dependence of its formation and functioning on internal and external factors is specified. The scientific novelty of this study consists in clarifying the influence of external and internal factors on the construction and functioning of identity and highlighting the possibility of false definition of the subject’s identity. The complex system and dynamics of interaction include many components that can affect the realization of identity. The realization of identity includes the consistent formation of the subject’s representation of oneself and the actualization of this representation, which is related to the expectations and requirements of the social space and the real regularities of the subject’s existence in the world. Topical theoretical positions on the formation and functioning of identity touch upon the problem of the impact of internal (personal) and external (social) factors. The internal factors of identity construction and realization include genetic and neurobiological features, values, motivational sphere, needs, moral responsibility, experience, skills and abilities, internal structure and dynamics of the psyche, and meaning. External factors include culture, social environment, education, social institutions, political movements, macro-social processes, and social relations. Globalization and virtualization put an additional burden on the preservation of identity. This article identifies the conditions of identity realization: possession of certain qualities and characteristics; reading of these qualities with minimization of distortions; inclusion in social relations and acceptance of the impact of external factors; actualization of identity in action; acceptance of identity by “others”. From violations of the conditions of formation of identity can be formed a corresponding type of unrealized identity: untenable, substituted, latent, residual, confrontational, false-recognized. The basis for the fulfillment of the conditions of identity realization is the absence of conflict between internal and external factors that determine the subject’s identity.

The long-term use of chemical fertilizers in agricultural practices can reduce the quality of soil and the environment. One of the alternatives to a more environmentally friendly sustainable solution is the use of tofu liquid waste as liquid organic fertilizer (POC Limbat). This study aims to analyze the interest of farmers of Gapoktan Jarak Kulon, Jogoroto District, Jombang Regency in adopting POC Limbat, which is influenced by internal and external factors. The internal factors analyzed included age, education level, and participation in the group, while external factors included the availability of resources and the intensity of counseling, using quantitative methods based on multiple linear regression analysis. In the results of the study, it was shown that internal factors did not have a significant effect on farmers' interests, while the availability of resources and the intensity of extension were proven to have a significant positive influence. The contribution of increasing interest from the resource factor reached 0.931%, while from extension reached 0.813%, so that it can encourage the adoption of agricultural innovations that are more environmentally friendly, especially in the use of local waste.Keywords: Tofu Waste, POC, Farmer Interest, Internal Factors, External Factors

Over the last decade, municipal solid waste generation in Phnom Penh has increased noticeably; however, the waste management system is far from satisfactory. Considerable amount of waste is left uncollected, as well as intentionally disposed of in public open spaces. External and internal factors can trigger these problems. Possible external factors are low collection frequency, low cleaning services, and insufficient facilities such as small dumpsters. Possible internal factors, which also play an important role in this issue, include low awareness, insufficient knowledge, and low responsibility for personal waste. To examine the influences of these internal and external factors on people’s waste disposal behaviors, we selected and conducted a questionnaire survey at four sites in Phnom Penh that differ in waste collection frequency and population density. A total of 413 valid responses were obtained. We developed a structural equation model to explain people’s intentions not to dispose of waste in public open spaces. The results showed that personal and social norms, such as perception of social pressure from friends and family and from the government, had significant influences on intention, whereas the influence of external factors was much smaller.

The development of technology in the agricultural sector is so rapid that those who are left behind in utilizing technological advances will not get maximum benefits from their business activities. One of the developments in agricultural cultivation technology is hydroponic technology. The rapid development of agricultural technology is not comparable to the younger generation working in the agricultural sector. The younger generation is less interested in agricultural activities, including hydroponic technology. The purpose of this study is to describe the influence of internal and external factors in increasing the interest and aspirations of young people in hydroponic agribusiness in Kaliombo Village, Kediri City District, and to analyze the influence of internal and external factors on the interest and aspirations of young people in hydroponic agribusiness in Kaliombo Village, Kediri City District. The data analysis used in this study used the Likert Rating Scale (SLR) and multiple regression analysis. The multiple linear regression equation in this study is written as Y = 2.476 + 0.142X1 + 0.072X2 + e. The results of the study on the influence of internal and external factors on increasing the interest of young people in hydroponic agribusiness in Kaliombo Village, Kediri City District obtained the following conclusions; internal and external factors that have been carried out by young people in Kaliombo Village, Kediri City District together have played a major role in the interest and aspirations of young people in hydroponic agribusiness in Kaliombo Village, Kediri City District, internal factors owned by young people influence the interest of young people in hydroponic agribusiness.

Inmates have a great potential to generate pressures that make them unhappy. This can lead to stress and tend to have a desire to commit suicide. To minimize this they need the ability to look for happiness in order to reduce the negative impact arising from the situation in prisons. There are two factors that affect happiness is internal and external factors. Internal factors, there are 3 (three), namely the satisfaction of the past, optimism about the future, and happiness in the present. External factors are 5 (five), namely social life, religion or religiosity, marriage, money and health. This study used qualitative techniques in analyzing the data. Data were obtained through interviews and observations. The number of research subjects are four people according to specified criteria. The results showed on the subject C supporting factors of happiness comes from internal and external factors likely to be achieved, on the subject W and D tend to be achieved on the factors supporting the happiness derived from external factors alone. On the subject of A tends not achieved the supporting factors of happiness derived from external and internal factors. The conclusion from this study is only one subject that is the subject of C which tends achieved in supporting factors of happiness derived from external and internal factors, the remaining three subjects achieved only on external happiness factors alone, or internal only. If the views of external and internal factors supporting factors of happiness, of 4 subjects only 3 subjects tend to be achieved in the happiness of external factors, while the source of happiness internal factors, of 4 subjects only one subject that tends to be achieved. Keywords : Happiness, Women Prisoners

The number of attrition increases every year so the competition for job seekers must become increasingly competitive. Although the cumulative achievement index (GPA) is not an absolute guarantee to be used as a reference in looking for work. However, GPA is the administration's initial selection in recruiting employees, so students must have a strategy to be able to achieve a high GPA. One of the efforts made to achieve a high GPA is with good academic achievement. Learning achievement is influenced by internal and external factors. External factors are factors that come from outside the student. Meanwhile, internal factors come from within the student, including engagement and burnout. The aim of this research is to determine the level of student engagement and academic burnout of students. The population in this study were students from the Business Administration Department of Manado State Polytechnic with a sample of 100 students. The sampling method in this research is convenience sampling. The data analysis used is descriptive statistical analysis. The results of this research state that student engagement is in the high category. The highest average score is a feeling of pride among students studying at the Manado State Polytechnic Campus. Meanwhile, the lowest average score is that students are forced to carry out all learning activities on campus because it is considered less interesting. Meanwhile, the level of student burnout is in the medium category. The highest average burnout score is that talking about studies is boring for students. Meanwhile, the lowest students can usually manage the workload related to ongoing studies well.

In recent years, the focus on the challenges regarding work from home (WFH) has been escalating throughout the globe. In the context of Malaysia, seeing that this is an emergent issue, there are still limited studies conducted on the framework or model that promote the effectiveness of WFH. However, there are fundamental issues that need to be addressed, namely; (i) the accessibility and coverage; (ii) the acceptance level among the staff and (iii) the quality of productivity. This study outlines two main objectives, which are (i) to examine the internal factors; and (ii) the external factors that influence the staff while WFH during MCO. Thus, there is an increasing need to recognise the benefits and potential challenges towards assisting the human resource practitioners to be more effective in implementing the WFH (Nordin et al., 2016). This study was conducted among the staff of Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) during the Movement Control Order (MCO) from 18 March till 9 June 2020. Based on the survey conducted among 17,541 staff (as per 31 Mac 2020), 1,320 staff volunteered to be involved in this survey. The data was analysed using the SPSS v26. In part, the analysis was carried out to ascertain the main challenges comprising of internal and external factors. From the internal factor, the findings showed that flexible working hour was found as the main factor; mean value of 4.10. Furthermore, for the external factor, the factor on the distraction due to other commitments such as parent/child caretaker and house chores was found as the main factor; mean value of 3.82. The findings of this study significantly contribute towards understanding the internal and external factors of WFH, and serve to measure the productiveness and the effectiveness of WFH from the viewpoint of higher learning institutions.

Publishing business in Ukraine has its own characteristics and conditions of operation. The variability of conditions is influenced by a number of external and internal factors that encourage it to "behave" in certain periods of time to respond to them. The proof of this is significant changes in the volume of publishing production in dynamic for several years. Ignoring the factors influencing the publishing business can lead to considerable risks in its proceeding. Consequently, the purpose of the study is the identification and analysis of factors affecting the domestic publishing business. The results are as follows. Firstly, the features of the proceeding of modern domestic publishing business in terms of systemic economic crisis and high competition are observed. Secondly, the basic indicators of its development for five years are analyzed and definite conclusions about the impact of external and internal factors on it are made. The impact of external factors on the publishing business with the use of PEST-analysis is investigated. Then, the internal factors' impact on publishing business condition and development are systematized. The need to consider the studied factors in an integrated approach is noted. Finally, it is emphasized that consideration of the factors influencing the publishing business is one of the important conditions for reducing its risks. The content difference of factors influencing the publishing business is specified, depending on the nature of social and economic processes in society. The conclusions are as follows. The effects of the systemic crisis influences publishing business in Ukraine. In order to reduce its negative effects, we must consider internal and external factors of influence on it. The analysis of the domestic publishing business points to its instability. All the factors such as political, economic, institutional, social, technical, technological, etc. that influenced the publishing business should be considered for their content but necessarily in complex. Each publishing structure should define its inherent factors of influence the publishing business to effectively take them into account in its proceeding. Thus, the perspective of study of this problem, in our opinion, is the profound analysis of each of the aforementioned types of factors by joint efforts of researchers and practicians.

This study aims to find out and analyze the influence of internal and external factors on the quality of the annual development plan of the region in Aceh Tamiang Regency partially and simultaneously. The sample of this study is that all employees in the office of Regional Development Planning, Research and Development Agency (BAPPEDA) Aceh Tamiang district numbered 30 people. The results of the study obtained mathematical equations that are Y = 9.468 + 0.262 X1 + 0.215 X2. The correlation coefficient value (R) of 0.673 means a strong and positive relationship and significant (real) between internal and external factors with the quality of the regional annual development plan in Aceh Tamiang Regency. The coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.453 or 45.3% indicates that 45.3% of the quality of the regional annual development plan in Aceh Tamiang Regency is influenced by internal and external factors. The remaining 54.7% was influenced by other factors. T test results for internal factors t calculated > t table value of 2,277 > 2.05183 and significant in  = 0.05 obtained figures of 0.031 < 0.05 means internal factors significantly affect the quality of the regional annual development plan in Aceh Tamiang District, which is the contribution of the variable of 0.262. External factors have a t count value of > t table and a significant t that is far from the significant value of tolerance of 5% which is 2,155 > 2.05183 and significant 0.040 < 0.05 and the contribution of these factors is the amount of the regression value with the number 0.215. F is worth 3.35. The calculated F value is above F table which is 11,160 > 3.35 and also the significant F value is 0.000 < 0.005. So that from the results of the F test can be analyzed that internal and external factors together the two free variables have a significant and significant / tangible effect on the quality of the annual development plan of the region in Aceh Tamiang District. Thus, the hypothesis that reads internal and external factors simultaneously affects the quality of the annual development plan of Aceh Tamiang District can be accepted and theoretically proven. Keywords: Internal Factors, External Factors, Quality of Regional Annual Development Plans.