Determinants of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with recent diagnosis of essential hypertension

Abstract

Development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a multifactorial phenomenon. We retrospectively assessed the risk factors for LVH in patients with recent diagnosis of essential hypertension. We analysed 1518 participants with recent diagnosis of essential hypertension (≤2 years). The duration of hypertension was established after cross-checking the patients' history and the records of the general practitioners'. The following cardiovascular (CV) risk factors were considered: age (men >55 years, women >65 years), SBP >140 mmHg, DBP >90 mmHg, obesity, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, low or high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (men <40 m/dl, women <50 mg/dl), and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Age, prevalence of metabolic diseases, CKD, and the severity of hypertension were higher in patients with LVH. One hundred twenty-two (8%) patients did not have CV risk factors, whereas 288 (19%), 472 (31.1%), 351 (23.1%) and 285 (18.8%) patients had one, two, three and more than three CV risk factors, respectively. At univariate analysis, CV risk factors for LVH where found to be sex, age, SBP, low HDL-cholesterol, obesity, diabetes, CKD, and metabolic syndrome. In the multivariate analysis, the independent predictors of LVH were found to be sex, age, SBP, obesity and diabetes. A significant correlation was found between indexed left ventricular mass and body mass index (r(2) = 0.167), age (r(2) = 0.077) and SBP (r (2)= 0.055). This study reveals that, in patients with recent diagnosis of essential hypertension obesity represents the most important modifiable CV risk factor for LVH.