Determinants of Exclusive and Mixed Breastfeeding Durations and Risk of Recurrent Illnesses in Toddlers Attending Day Care Programs Across Lebanon

Abstract

PurposeBreastfeeding rates continue to decrease in Lebanon. Studies addressing the relationship between breastfeeding duration and health outcomes in Middle Eastern countries are scarce.This study is the first in Lebanon to have investigated the determinants of both exclusive and mixed breastfeeding durations and the relationship with health in infants and toddlers. Design and methodsOur sample of 1051 toddlers is nationwide and representative of all toddlers enrolled in daycare centers, and aged between 12 and 36 months. ResultsMedian of exclusive breastfeeding duration was 15 days and mean age of formula introduction was 2.03 (±3.22) months. Exclusive breastfeeding was initiated at a mean age of 10.56 (±27.12) hours and half of the toddlers (51.6%) were exposed to formula milk since day one following birth. Determinants of both exclusive and total breastfeeding durations were related to several parents' socio-demographic and behavioral factors. A longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding was associated with a lower frequency of pediatrician visits, antibiotic prescriptions, absence from daycare, and a lower risk of otitis, colic and UTI occurrence, after adjusting for cofounders. Similarly, a longer duration of total breastfeeding was associated with less antibiotic prescriptions and a lower risk of otitis. ConclusionsOur study highlights the health benefits of extending exclusive breastfeeding duration. It is urgent to address alarmingly low breastfeeding rates in Lebanon. Policy implementation and enforcement along with raising awareness and creating a supportive environment for breastfeeding mothers should involve the various stakeholders in order to succeed in increasing breastfeeding rates and duration.