Determinant of obesity in female adolescents of Yogyakarta region

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the consumption pattern and the relationship between macronutrient consumption and nutritional status in obese adolescent girls as well as the contribution of macronutrient consumption, anthropometric measures at birth and parental body mass index (BMI) to obesity in adolescent girls. This survey study targeted obese adolescent girl population in Yogyakarta region. Samples were taken using purposive sampling technique with criteria such as age (18-24 y.o.), obese (BMI≥18), healthy and not on a diet. Dependent variables were obesity in adolescent girl, and independent variables were macronutrient consumption patterns, anthropometric measures (birth weight) and parental BMI. The questionnaires were adapted from the Indonesian Ministry of Health's Nutri Survey application, including recall diet instrument and observation sheet to record eating habits, anthropometric measurement, and parental history. There were 36 subjects enrolled in this study with an average age, weight, height, and BMI of 20,5 y.o., 158cm, 73,4 and 29,34, respectively. Overall, the subjects’ ratio of macronutrient consumption pattern is proportional, and their intake of carbohydrate, protein and fat was in accordance with the concept of balanced nutrition. In this study, we found there is no relationship between macronutrient consumption pattern and BMI in obese adolescent girls. Also, the contribution of macronutrient consumption patterns, birth weight, and parental BMI to obese female adolescent was quite small, showing the numbers of 0.0020, 1.2740, and 0.0780, respectively. Among those three parameters, birth weight appeared to be the most determinant of obesity in adolescent girls of Yogyakarta region.