Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this systematic review was to assess the determinant factors of climate change adaptation (CCA) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).Design/methodology/approachStudies that focused on determinant factors of CCA by crop–livestock farmers and pastoralists in SSA and written in English were reviewed from five major databases using the applications of Endnote and NVivo. The review process followed a sequence of steps to reach into the final selection.FindingsA total of 3,028 papers were recovered from the databases and screened for duplicates (777) and publications before 2000 (218). The titles and abstracts of 2,033 papers were reviewed, and 1,903 of them were excluded owing to preliminary exclusion criteria. Finally, 130 papers were selected for full-text review and more detailed assessment, where 36 papers qualified for the final review. The most important determinant factors of CCA by pastoralists were household income, access to information, access to extension services, government support and access to market. In the case of agro-pastoralists, access to information, household income, age and land/livestock ownership were found as the major determinant factors. Household income, land ownership, access to information, farm size, household size and access to extension services were the determinant factors found for CCA by smallholder farmers.Research limitations/implicationsThis systematic review identified the major determinant factors according to production systems and highlights the importance of considering specific factors in designing CCA strategies.Originality/valueAfter clearly stating the research question, a literature search was conducted from the major databases for climate-related research, and a comprehensive search was performed by two independent researchers.
Highlights
1.1 Background and justification Pastoral and agro-pastoral communities and smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are largely dependent on livestock and mixed crop–livestock production systems for their livelihood
Two of the studies assessed the determinant factors of climate change adaptation (CCA) in both pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in SSA (Figure 1)
This systematic review highlighted that majority of the studies related to pastoral and agro-pastoral farming communities are focused in Eastern Africa
Summary
1.1 Background and justification Pastoral and agro-pastoral communities and smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are largely dependent on livestock and mixed crop–livestock production systems for their livelihood. These production systems are mainly characterized by arid and semi-arid climates with low and erratic rainfall (Fre and Tesfagergis, 2013). To cope with the changing climate, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists and smallholder farmers have, adjusted and adapted themselves by evolving livelihoods mainly dependent on livestock and livestock-related activities and small-scale agricultural practices (Fre and Tesfagergis, 2013). Even if significant actions are taken, it is clear that adaptation to the existing level of CC is critical (Ford et al, 2013)
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