Detector configuration of KAGRA–the Japanese cryogenic gravitational-wave detector

Japan is located at the converging plate boundaries and is one of the most earthquake-prone zones in the world. In order to ensure the safety of a geological repository against earthquakes, a site with a high possibility of direct destruction by active faults should be excluded, and the relationship between the characteristics of seismic ground motion, subsurface structures, geological disposal system and the propagation characteristics of seismic ground motion should be fully investigated. Earthquake-resistant design based on the latest technology is also very important for ensuring the safety of a geological repository.Following rapid improvement of seismic observation networks after the Hyogoken Nanbu earthquake in 1995, numerous seismic observation records have been obtained in the vicinity of large earthquakes. According to these seismic observations, some phenomena that might affect the safety of a geological disposal system have occurred. Some earthquakes occurred in the areas where active faults had not been identified, while some records showed that seismic motion in the deep underground environment was greater than that at the surface. We have identified the implications from the latest information concerning large earthquakes for the geological disposal program. This study made it clear that detailed investigation incorporating state-of-the-art technologies could reduce the likelihood of missing active faults to an extremely low level and a more practical analysis of seismic ground motion could be achieved by taking the latest information into account.

Precision measurements using a traditional heterodyne readout suffer a 3dB quantum noise penalty compared with a homodyne readout. The extra noise is caused by the quantum fluctuations in the image vacuum. We propose a two-carrier gravitational-wave detector design that evades the 3dB quantum penalty of the heterodyne readout. We further propose a new way of realizing frequency-dependent squeezing utilizing two-mode squeezing in our scheme. It naturally achieves more precise audio frequency signal measurements with radio frequency squeezing. In addition, the detector is compatible with other quantum nondemolition techniques.

One hundred years after Albert Einstein predicted the existence of gravitational waves in his general theory of relativity, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) made the first direct detection of gravitational waves. Since the first detection of gravitational waves from a binary black hole merger, LIGO has gone on to detect gravitational waves from multiple binary black hole mergers, and more recently from a binary neutron star merger in collaboration with telescopes around the world. The detection of gravitational waves has opened a new window to the universe and has launched the era of gravitational wave astronomy. With the first detection of gravitational waves now two years behind us, work has already begun on improving the sensitivity of Advanced LIGO and planning for future generations of gravitational wave interferometers. One of the main limiting noise sources for current and future gravitational wave detectors is quantum noise, which includes quantum radiation pressure noise that originates from the quantum nature of the photons that reflect off of the test masses. Chapter one provides an introduction to gravitational wave sources and detectors. It also describes the noise sources that limit the sensitivity of interferometeric gravitational wave detectors like Advanced LIGO and includes a detailed description of the origin of quantum noise and its effect in interferometers. Chapter two introduces the concept and properties of optical springs. Much of the experimental work presented in the rest of this thesis utilizes an optical spring. This thesis investigates quantum radiation pressure noise and techniques to reduce quantum noise in gravitational wave interferometers. The experimental research contained in this thesis uses an optomechanical Fabry-Perot cavity in which one of the cavity mirrors is a microresonator consisting of a micro-mirror suspended by a cantilever structure. Chapter three outlines the design and construction of the optomechanical cavity that is housed in a vacuum chamber and sits on a suspended optical breadboard to provide isolation from seismic motion. Chapter three also includes details on the design of the cantilever micro-mirror used in the optomechanical cavity. The experiments in this thesis can be divided into two main categories: the characterization of optical springs and the measurement of broadband quantum radiation pressure noise. Chapter four of this thesis focuses on the characterization of optical springs. I present results from an experiment that uses radiation pressure to control an optomechanical cavity and investigates the feedback control needed to keep the system stable. In

Seismic motion limits the low-frequency sensitivity of ground-based gravitational wave detectors. A conceptual design study into the feasibility of a future-generation gravitational wave observatory, coined the Einstein Telescope, has been completed. As part of this design phase, we performed a ground motion study to determine the seismic noise characteristics at various sites across the globe. This investigation focused on underground sites and encompassed a variety of geologies, including clay, salt, and hard rock, at 15 locations in nine European countries, the USA, and Japan. In addition, we analyzed data from the Virtual European Broadband Seismograph Network to characterize European seismic motion. We show that, in the region of interest for future-generation gravitational wave detectors (1–10 Hz), seismic motion is dominated by activity from anthropogenic sources. A number of sites were found that exhibited a reduction in seismic power of several orders of magnitude with respect to current detector sites, thus making it possible to set requirements for the Einstein Telescope seismic noise environment.

The acquisition of high quality borehole sonic formation slowness data in cased-hole environments is dependent on cement bond quality. It has generally been considered that when cement bond is poor that cased-hole sonic slowness data quality will also be poor. Additionally in very slow formations, when cement bond is good, the acquisition of high quality cased-hole dipole shear slowness data can be problematic. The advent of the latest sonic acquisition technology and related interpretation techniques has reduced these formidable restrictions. More powerful sonic transmitters, improved receivers and fundamental changes in tool design have meaningfully improved acoustic signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). An improved understanding of cased-hole borehole acoustic modes, the ability to transmit acoustic energies at more optimal frequencies and the capability to simultaneously acquire cement bond log information have all contributed to improved cased-hole sonic slowness logs. With the latest technology, accurate formation compressional slowness in intervals of poor cement bond, and shear slowness in very slow formations can now be extracted. These developments have a profound impact on drilling operations, seismic velocity modeling, geomechanics and reservoir characterization. In existing cased-wells, the latest sonic technology presents a viable option to acquire critical compressional and shear slowness information. In newly drilled wells the feasibility of acquiring accurate cased-hole slowness information can reduce the necessity and the inherent risk of an open-hole logging run.

Seismic design of nuclear power plants — an assessment

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2017S-wave Velocity Model Estimation using Ambient Seismic Noise at Virgo, ItalyAuthors: Soumen KoleyHenk Jan BultenJo van den BrandMaria BaderXander CampmanMark BekerSoumen KoleyNational Institute of Subatomic PhysicsSearch for more papers by this author, Henk Jan BultenNational Institute of Subatomic PhysicsSearch for more papers by this author, Jo van den BrandNational Institute of Subatomic PhysicsSearch for more papers by this author, Maria BaderNational Institute of Subatomic PhysicsSearch for more papers by this author, Xander CampmanShell Global SolutionsSearch for more papers by this author, and Mark BekerInnoseis B.V.Search for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.1190/segam2017-17681951.1 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Abstract In this study, we present an analysis of seismic noise recorded at the Virgo gravitational wave detector in Italy. The study originates from the need to understand the spatio-spectral characteristics of the seismic noise at the Virgo site. Studying the direction of propagation and Rayleigh wave phase velocities of possible noise sources is of utmost importance for accurate computation of Newtonian noise, which appears to be the ultimate low frequency limit for ground based gravitational wave detectors. For this purpose, a seismic array was designed that would ensure correct estimation of phase velocities and propagation direction of ambient seismic noise in the frequency range 0.4−8.0 Hz. Consequently, a passive seismic survey was carried out using a network of 5 Hz vertical component wireless geophones at the site between 13-28 August 2016. The 0.2−0.7 Hz frequency band was dominated by the secondary microseismic energy originating from the Mediterranean sea. A strong correlation was observed between the microseismic energy and the significant wave height in the Mediterranean sea during the time. Seismic noise in the frequency band 1.5−4.0 Hz was dominated by ground motions induced in the subsurface by road bridges and local traffic activities. In the 4−8 Hz band, noise sources were mostly local and transient. The direction of propagation of the ambient noise was estimated using beamforming. To estimate the phase velocities, both beamforming and extended spectral autocorrelation (ESAC) were used. Using the derived Rayleigh wave phase velocity corresponding to the fundamental mode, an inversion was carried out to estimate a 1-D S-wave velocity model for the region. Subsurface properties obtained from the study can be further used for computing the gravity gradient noise associated with seismic motions in the region. Presentation Date: Tuesday, September 26, 2017 Start Time: 2:15 PM Location: Exhibit Hall C/D Presentation Type: POSTER Keywords: passive acquisition, surface wave, arrays, near surfacePermalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/segam2017-17681951.1FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byThe Virgo O3 run and the impact of the environment29 November 2022 | Classical and Quantum Gravity, Vol. 39, No. 23Environmental Noise in Gravitational-Wave Interferometers2 July 2022Environmental Noise in Gravitational-Wave Interferometers23 December 2021Machine learning for gravitational-wave detection: surrogate Wiener filtering for the prediction and optimized cancellation of Newtonian noise at Virgo10 September 2020 | Classical and Quantum Gravity, Vol. 37, No. 19 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2017ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2017 Pages: 6093 publication data© 2017 Published in electronic format with permission by the Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 17 Aug 2017 CITATION INFORMATION Soumen Koley, Henk Jan Bulten, Jo van den Brand, Maria Bader, Xander Campman, and Mark Beker, (2017), "S-wave Velocity Model Estimation using Ambient Seismic Noise at Virgo, Italy," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 2946-2950. https://doi.org/10.1190/segam2017-17681951.1 Plain-Language Summary Keywordspassive acquisitionsurface wavearraysnear surfacePDF DownloadLoading ...

Compact, high-precision inertial sensors are needed in the control schemes of many modern physics experiments to isolate them from disturbances caused by seismic motion. We present an inertial sensor whose mechanical oscillator fits on a one-inch diameter optic. The oscillators achieve a mechanical Quality factor of a fundamental oscillation mode of 600,000 and a resonance frequency of 50 Hz, giving them a suspension thermal noise floor lower than all commercially available inertial sensors. The motion of this fundamental mode is suitable to encode inertial motion into the sensor readout. The oscillator is combined with an optical resonator readout scheme that achieves a displacement noise of 100 fm/Hz\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\sqrt{\ ext{Hz}}$$\\end{document} above 0.2 Hz. We validate the sensors’ noise floor using a huddle test. Below 20 Hz, the sensor offers comparable performance to the best inertial sensors available today while being a fraction of the size. Above 20 Hz, the sensor is, to the author’s knowledge, the best demonstrated in the literature to date for such a sensor, with a self-noise floor of 0.1 ng/Hz\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\sqrt{\ ext{Hz}}$$\\end{document}. The excellent performance of the sensors across seismically relevant frequencies, vacuum compatibility, and compact size make it a prime candidate for integration into sophisticated seismic isolation schemes, such as those used by gravitational wave detectors.

Purpose: Retail selling is an inevitable economic activity in any country’s economy. In India, the retail industry contributes 10% of its GDP. The invention of the Internet and technological advancement in digital marketing has helped the online retail industry to grow exponentially. Digital advancement has created an environment where customers are more informed, hence chooser and demanding. Marketing technology or ‘Martech’ encompasses technology to reach online customers to provide pre-eminent customer experience, to meaningfully engage and retain them. The latest such technologies are Artificial Intelligence, Augmented/Virtual Reality, Internet of Things, Natural Language Processing, Block Chain Technology, etc. This paper is an exploratory study using secondary data, which revealed that many firms have already adopted and most others are willing to adopt such advanced technologies in the near future as they are convinced that such technologies can phenomenally change the marketing strategies. This study also explores the current status of retail industry and also the opportunities and challenges of adopting these technologies from marketers’ perspective. It also proposes suggestions from a user perspective, based on the analysis findings. Design Methodology: Developing a conceptual framework using primary and secondary data collected from various studies published by the govt, global research firms, blogs, and other internet articles. Findings: This paper revealed a dire need to adapt the marketing technology in the retailing industry for future survival. The analysis also revealed that the affinity for internet and online purchases is increasing exponentially hence the latest technology such as Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, Machine Learning, Augmented Reality/Virtual Reality, and Natural Language Processing are tremendously revolutionizing the customer experience and thereby increased level of Customer Engagement. Type of Paper: Case study-based Research Analysis.

Industry 4.0 is one of the foremost that drives the modern industrial revolution with the latest technologies, which comprises smart equipment, machinery and control systems. In this, digital manufacturing integrates the traditional manufacturing systems with the latest digital technologies for modelling, analysis, optimization and automation of manufacturing processes. This study analyses the application of various advanced technological tools for implementation of digital manufacturing. Based on content analysis, combined applications of digital manufacturing tools and advanced manufacturing technologies are framed and various technological trends identified. Integrated and automated machines can do repetitive works and humans can do complicated works through creativity and problem-solving capacity through technological tools. This paper support to identify the digital manufacturing obstacles in implementation and also helps to understand the digital manufacturing within the framework of the nine technological tools and it also recognizes that correlation with other technologies. In digital manufacturing, a huge manufacturing data can be analyzed with the big data analysis and stored in cloud for future use and secured with the cybersecurity technology. Simulation carried out to test digital model before implementation and monitoring with the digital twin technology. Virtual reality integrates the real-world with virtual environments and taking decisions through Internet of things. Robotic system enables to automate works and additive manufacturing technology develops the components from the stored data.

Designing in reliability in advanced CMOS technologies

Healthcare sector in today’s era is swapping drastically with the latest technologies like artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning. These technologies have notable determined very aspects of the hospital. Many precise tasks such as image recognition for example classifying skin biopsy lesions, determining diabetic retinopathy severity, and detecting brain tumors can be done with the help of engineering science and present day technology called artificial intelligence. With such an amazing technology, there has been a great engrossment in developing AI diagnostics solutions for the detection and diagnosis of cancer. With the immediate requirement of AI systems, there will be great change in the healthcare sector. This advanced and extraordinary technology will play a great role in stopping the rapid growth of cancers, low awareness among the extended population, and lack of sufficient services and clinical expertise so that AI systems can assist the clinicians in this domain. Analysis of big datasets can be done very easily and with less cost and time by using AI technologies. Many deep learning algorithms, AI solutions are developed by researchers to detect and diagnose cancer precisely and to handle the skin datasets smartly. The advancement and endorsement of AI algorithms need large volumes of well-structured data, and these algorithms must work with changing levels of data quality. It is very important to understand how AI algorithms function to stop the severe conditions of cancers like breast cancer, gastric cancer, prostate cancer, and many more. The clinicians must understand this technology deeply and how it perfectly fits into everyday clinical practice and how patients are calmly addressed. This paper surveys how different types of cancers are detected and diagnosed using the latest AI technology as AI provides good support to doctors for the detection and diagnosis. It also plays a clear and supreme role in aiding patients in cancer detection in the future and will be thrilling to check the benefits that arise for patients and doctors from its use in everyday practices..KeywordsArtificial intelligenceMachine learningDeep learning cancerAlgorithmsDiagnosisBreast cancerProstate cancerGastric cancer

Nuclear quantum effect on hydrogen adsorption site of zeolite-templated carbon model using path integral molecular dynamics

The article analyzes the use of innovative, primarily, information and communication technologies to increase the efficiency of students' acquisition of competencies defined by the concept of the New Ukrainian School (NUS), native and foreign language, and economic competencies, in particular. The growing need to use the latest technologies to properly respond to the challenges and threats faced by the society, economy and educational process of Ukraine is pointed out. The prospects of using a hybrid model of the educational process, game technologies, and methods of "immersion" in the subject, first of all for learning languages, using the latest technologies, have been determined. It is indicated that proper provision of the primary school with modern equipment is the condition for the use of advanced technologies. This also forms a strategic task in the training of future teachers, first of all, primary school teachers, which consists in the need to ensure the training of teachers at the level of international standards, their natural orientation in the application of innovative technologies, the effective use of digital infrastructure, digital skills, smart education, robotics in the educational process. Prospective directions of innovative technologies, which provide a synergistic effect of pedagogical and technological innovations, have been identified. It is indicated that the effectiveness of the methods of "immersion" in the subject increases with the introduction of complex immersive technology. The use of immersive technologies in the educational process was stratified. It is indicated that the latest information technologies open the possibility of analyzing the data about students and their educational activities available in the network. This makes it possible to form an individual portrait of the student and to implement a strategy and teaching tactics that are aimed at ensuring the success of this particular student, to offer such an interaction between the student and educational materials that would ensure the best result, to reveal the connection between the individual characteristics of the student's educational behavior and effectiveness of his education, to prepare informational and pedagogical tools individually developed for and aimed at a specific student. It has been proven that such provision of the educational process with the necessary equipment requires significant resources. The conducted analysis proved that the average expenses per class for the implementation of modern information technologies in the educational process should increase more than twice, which is an unaffordable task for the country's budget. This requires the mobilization of all resources - both budgetary and extra-budgetary funds - in order to solve the problem of providing the educational process with the necessary equipment. The direction of transformation of education financing, which is based on a project approach, is proposed with the implementation of systematic coordination of projects and task fragmentation. The mathematical formalization of financial coordination of educational projects and optimization of costs by sources of financing and optimization of the efficiency of the financing process for achieving a new quality of education and strategic goals defined in the concept of NUS is also proposed.

This article analyzes the trends in the use of the most important means of artistic expression in theatrical art and cinema, marked by the influence of evolutionary changes in modern cultural life and the emergence of new genre modalities in today's staging decisions, related to the ideological reorientation of social consciousness and the formation of innovative artistic features in the modern theater. The compositional portrait of modern theater highlights the possibilities of dramatic genre modeling, modern technologies and their transformational processes, which are interrelated with the democratization of Ukrainian society, and therefore artistic life, raising the tone of the national scene, cinema, and opening up new opportunities for stage art. A feature of the scientific research of symbolic forms in this area of art is the analysis of the possible addition of the mutual enrichment of theater and myth at the level of mythological narratives, status oppositions, plot matrices, communicative strategies and symbolic forms, a new mythocentric discourse of modern dramatic genre modeling. And also a multimedia lighting technician with the latest information and digital technologies and the possibilities of using Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the newest Ukrainian theater. The use of compositional techniques in combination with the latest technologies, AI in creating the atmosphere of a modern theater allows you to focus on the performers and the performance, and not on the complex decor. In addition, stage spaces are becoming more flexible, able to adapt to different types of performances and events. The use of the latest intellectual technologies is especially valuable and extraordinary. Modern theaters and Ukrainian cinema are constantly introducing advanced technologies to improve the impression of the audience. This may include the use of projection mapping, virtual and augmented reality, interactive elements and other innovations that help create a unique atmosphere and attract the audience.