Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the residue levels of five commonly used antibiotics in poultry tissue samples using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 200 samples that comprised breast and liver (100 each) were collected from five poultry farms randomly selected from Muscat regions. The samples were analyzed for enrofloxacin (ENR), gentamicin (GEN), oxytetracycline (OTC), sulfamethazine (SMZ), and tylosin (TYL) residue concentrations. Comparisons of antibiotic residues between breast and liver of chickens under investigations showed a significant difference of ENR, GEN, OTC, SMZ, and TYL residue concentrations (p < 0.05). The highest antibiotic residue concentrations reported in the chicken liver were TYL, GEN, OTC, SMZ, and ENR, respectively. The lowest residual antibiotic concentrations observed in the chicken breast were TYL, GEN, OTC, SMZ, and ENR, respectively. Furthermore, the Kruskal–Wallis statistical test revealed a significant difference between the five antibiotic concentrations in both breast (H (4) = 54.69, p < 0.05) and liver (H (4) = 44.36, p < 0.05). A follow up of this finding by Bonferroni correction for both breast and liver samples revealed a significant difference for the breast sample between the concentration of ENR residue, and the concentration of residues for of both OTC and TYL (p < 0.05). These data show that not all tissues incorporate antibiotics at the same concentration. The results of this study could support regulatory bodies in adopting, monitoring, and enforcing guidelines pertinent to safety levels of different antibiotic residue concentrations in poultry meat when antibiotics are used for different indications.
Highlights
There is growing concern over the use of antibiotics in livestock production in the Middle East countries, including Oman
Gentamicin residue concentrations were detected at a higher level in breast in comparison with other antibiotics, whereas in liver, both oxytetracycline and sulfamethazine residue concentrations were the highest detected antibiotics
The lowest residual antibiotic concentrations observed in the chicken breast were tylosin, gentamicin, oxytetracycline, sulfamethazine, and enrofloxacin, respectively
Summary
There is growing concern over the use of antibiotics in livestock production in the Middle East countries, including Oman. Other countries such as the USA and countries in Europe have prevented such use, except for indicated treatment of diseases, considering that uncurbed use of antibiotics is a major problem in food safety. A standard measure of residual antibiotic concentration is the maximum residual limit (MRL), defined as the maximum concentration of an antibiotic or chemical permitted acceptable in a diet for human or animal consumption [4] These limits have been defined by competent authorities to limit the dangers of antibiotic use in animal products entering the food chain. Other researchers [7] reported that when using both the lowest and highest food and drug administration approved doses of enrofloxacin, breast tissue had consistently higher drug concentrations than thigh tissues during the dosing period
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