Abstract
The main threat of cancer diseases is their spreading throughout the population of many countries of the world and the complexity of their diagnostics at the early stages. Because of that, search and development of the latest diagnostic methods for oncological diseases which would allow them to be diagnosed more precisely and rapidly is going on. The objective of the study was developing a method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of polyamines as potential tumour markers in blood serum of patients with breast cancer using a newly created immune biosensor based on the effect of surface plasmon resonance (SPR). In the process of the study we used basics of immune analysis, methods of biosensor analysis with preliminary modification of biosensor analytical surface with certain reagents, such as protein A and BSA, for better orientation of the sensitive layer made from antibodies. During the study 30 samples of blood serum were analyzed, 21 of which were obtained from the patients with breast cancer and 9 samples were normal, taken from healthy people and used as controls. Analysis of blood serum samples was made, using previously created calibration curve, based on polyamine solutions in concentrations from 5 ng/mL to 1 µg/mL. It allowed determination of the presence of polyamines in blood samples and approximate concentration of polyamines comparing resonance angle shift in calibration curve and blood samples. According to the obtained results, the concentration of polyamines exceeded their physiological levels and was in the range of 21.3–125.1 ng/mL. The proposed approach allows one to determine the presence and approximate concentrations of polyamines in range from 5 ng/mL to 1 µg/mL in samples of blood serum of patients with breast cancer which correlates with tumour size and the age of the patients.
Highlights
For the early diagnostics of breast cancer, and assessment of efficiency of malignant tumours treatment, and detection of metastases, the methods based on the detection of tumour markers are used
We divided the received samples into four groups: I group – control group, samples of which were taken from healthy people; II group – test group with samples obtained from patients with breast cancer and size of the tumour less than 2.5 cm, and in age 45–55 years; III group – test group with samples taken from patients with tumour size more than 2.8 cm and age range 57–63 years; IV group – with samples obtained from patients with tumour size more than 5 cm and age 64–70 years
In this study we described the development of an immunobiosensor testing platform for the express detection of polyamines in breast cancer cells
Summary
For the early diagnostics of breast cancer, and assessment of efficiency of malignant tumours treatment, and detection of metastases, the methods based on the detection of tumour markers are used. The experience of using tumour markers in diagnostics has shown that their introduction into medical practice significantly increases the efficiency of treatment (Park & Igarashi, 2013). These markers are metabolites of neoplastic cells, which appear in the case of oncological disease and can be very specific for a tumours of a certain type. In healthy people such compounds are usually absent or present in small amounts. There may occur metabolic changes accompanied by the synthesis of certain compounds, which differ qualitatively or quantitatively from those produced by normal cells (Kiran et al, 2018)
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