Abstract
Steadily increasing time is involved in most scientific analyses. Like other dimensions in spacetime we suggest that there can be a variation rate of time’s progress or speed of time in the time dimension. We study speed-of-time variation observational data in three processes: muon decay, galaxy rotation (related to dark matter) and the separation speed of celestial objects as our Universe progresses (related to dark energy). Each of these processes will have an “observed value” of their time of completion Po from an observation of the process at time t1 and an “expected value” Pe of that time at time t2. Their difference is attributed to the variation of the speed of time. We provide a possible explanation for the anomalous separation of the observed and the expected galactic velocity curves. Our conclusion is that it is unnecessary to introduce dark matter or dark energy.
Highlights
We believe that time, as a steadily increasing independent variable, is involved in almost all scientific analyses, time’s rate of change and the variation of that speed should be involved
We suggest that the detection of High-Frequency Gravitational Waves (HFGWs) is an essential observational tool for examining the speed-of-time concept: 1) Unlike the low-frequency gravitational waves HFGWs are generated less than a nanosecond after the beginning of our Universe
Since we can only see stars as they were in the past, we suggest that speed of time was greater in the vicinity of those stars we observe and greater and greater the farther away they are
Summary
We believe that time, as a steadily increasing independent variable, is involved in almost all scientific analyses, time’s rate of change (speed of time) and the variation of that speed should be involved. We suggest that the detection of High-Frequency Gravitational Waves (HFGWs) is an essential observational tool for examining the speed-of-time concept: 1) Unlike the low-frequency gravitational waves (e.g., the gravitational waves generated by the merger of black holes or neutron stars) HFGWs are generated less than a nanosecond after the beginning of our Universe We believe these primordial or relic HFGWs were generated by processes occurring when the speed of time in our early Universe was extremely fast. 3) We contend that primordial or relic HFGWs were propagated before our Universe became transparent to electromagnetic radiation If such primordial HFGWs can be detected by the HFGW detector, discussed in connection with our analyses of Muon decay, their observations may contain information on the speed of time, but information, gained by means of the analyses of the HFGW frequency spectrum produced by the processes themselves. The Processes of interest and our expectations for them are: 1) The expected duration of muon decay at t2, Pe(t2), is equal to the last measured value of muon decay time in picoseconds, at t1. 2) The inverse of the expected speed of a portion of the visible disk of a galaxy at t2, Pe(t2), in seconds as based upon conventional Astrodynamics [1] [2]. 3) The expected value of the speed of separation of a celestial object at t2, Pe(t2), is established by a “proposed” expansion theory of our Universe, here taken to be that the separation speed should be the same everywhere in our Universe ( that the Hubble “constant” is approximately 70 km/s per Mpc or 2 × 10−18 [m/s per meter] or approximately 1/5 × 1017 seconds) we express the expected cosmic object’s speed in fractions of the Hubble “constant” in seconds, to be equal everywhere in our Universe
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
