Abstract
PurposeTuberculosis is a major global health threat claiming millions of lives each year. While the total number of tuberculosis cases has been decreasing over the last years, the rise of drug-resistant tuberculosis has reduced the chance of controlling the disease. The purpose is to implement a timely diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis, which is essential to administering adequate treatment regimens and stopping the further transmission of drug-resistant tuberculosis.MethodsA main tool for diagnosing tuberculosis is the conventional chest X-ray. We are investigating the possibility of discriminating automatically between drug-resistant and drug-sensitive tuberculosis in chest X-rays by means of image analysis and machine learning methods.ResultsFor discriminating between drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tuberculosis, we achieve an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of up to 66%, using an artificial neural network in combination with a set of shape and texture features. We did not observe any significant difference in the results when including follow-up X-rays for each patient.ConclusionOur results suggest that a chest X-ray contains information about the likelihood of a drug-resistant tuberculosis infection, which can be exploited computationally. We therefore suggest to repeat the experiments of our pilot study on a larger set of chest X-rays.
Highlights
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious worldwide public health threat [1]
We list the AUC for six different classifiers, namely the Artificial neural network (ANN) with our shape and texture features, our customized convolutional neural network (CNN), support vector machine (SVM) with shape and texture features, ANN with Pyramid Histogram of Oriented Gradients (PHoG), SVM with PHoG, and a classifier based on a pretrained VGG-v16 network (Table 7)
The ANN with shape and texture features shows the best performance on Experi
Summary
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious worldwide public health threat [1]. It is an airborne disease that is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria, which was first discovered in 1882 [2]. Worrisome are the drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis. Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is a form of tuberculosis that is resistant to treatment with one or two of the first-line anti-TB drugs (isoniazid and rifampicin). It requires a long treatment with several drugs (www.tbfacts.org). The five most commonly used drugs, which are called first-line drugs, are typically used for TB patients without prior TB drug treatment. This includes the drugs isoniazid, rifampicin, and three others. It is very important that the patient adheres strictly to the treatment regimen over several months without interruptions
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