Abstract
AbstractA field experiment was established to measure the effects of annual applications of high rates of manure for the production of crops under irrigation. The effects of incorporating the manure into the soil by disk plowing to depths of 10 cm, 20 cm, and 30 cm on the stability of the soil mass was measured under simulated rainfall conditions. The effect of simulated rainfall on soil surface compaction as influenced by rate of application of manure and depth of incorporation was measured with a penetrometer.The amount of soil material detached from undisturbed soil cores by simulated raindrops was curvilinearly related to the rainfall intensity. When the plots were disk plowed to a depth of 10 cm, soil detachment increased from 55 mg/cm3 of water for the nonmanured plots to 89 mg/cm3 for the 415 metric tons/ha per year. The amount of soil particles detached by the raindrops was reduced about 15 mg/cm3 of water as the depth of disking the manure into the soil was increased from 10 to 30 cm. Aggregate size distribution of the splashed material showed that prior application of manure to the soil increased the amount of soil aggregates in the large diameter classes. The penetrometer resistance of the crust formed by the waterdrops decreased from 36 kg/cm2 for nonmanured plots to 4.4 kg/cm2 for the plots receiving 360 metric tons of manure/ha/year.
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