Abstract
The aim of this study was to design a fire ventilation system with impulse jet fans for an underground car park. With respect to the number of parameters affecting the spread of smoke that need to be considered, there is a good chance of miscalculations if only conventional plain calculations are used in the design process. To avoid mistakes, visualize the fluid flow, and to compare the design variants it is practical to use computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In this study, CFD simulations were used to compare alternative designs of a fire ventilation system. In one alternative the exhaust shafts were located in both parts of the car park and the jet fans were directed to the corresponding shafts. The air exchange rate was 10-times per hour. In another alternative both exhaust shafts were located on one side opposite to the main air supply, and the air exchange rate was 15-times per hour. The results showed preference of the second alternative, when the smoke was completely exhausted and the visibility improved substantially, whereas in the first alternative the car park was not sufficiently ventilated even 600 seconds after the fire had been put out. The results emphasize that proper location of elements of the ventilation system is crucial to attain high efficiency of fire ventilation.
Highlights
For modern buildings the installation of a mechanical ventilation system is essential to provide the required level of air quality and thermal comfort at favourable energy consumption throughout the whole year [1,2,3]
In one alternative the exhaust shafts were located in both parts of the car park and the jet fans were directed to the corresponding shafts
4 Results and discussion In the first alternative (A1) the exhaust shafts were located in both parts of the car park and the jet fans were directed to the corresponding shafts
Summary
For modern buildings the installation of a mechanical ventilation system is essential to provide the required level of air quality and thermal comfort at favourable energy consumption throughout the whole year [1,2,3]. For big underground car parks typical, e.g., for large commercial buildings, fire ventilation with jet fans to move the polluted air to the main ventilation shafts has become popular and is being increasingly preferred over traditional ducted systems [5, 6]. This system can be used both as day to day ventilation to remove airborne pollutants and as fire ventilation. The task of day to day ventilation is to remove the air polluted by combustion products originating from cars to prevent health damage to people. The fire ventilation exhausts the excessive heat and combustion products originating from the fire and simultaneously supplies fresh air to the car park to increase the safety of evacuated people and of the firemen
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