Designing an Innovative Educational Framework for “How We Live and Grow” Using the 4D Model

This research aims to describe the process of developing folklore comic books for learning Indonesian, main idea material for class IV. Type of R&D (Research and Development) development research using the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). This research was conducted at MI Al-Huda Banyutami in the even semester. The subjects of this research were 9 grade 4 students. Data collection techniques used validation questionnaires from material experts, language experts, graphics experts, and student response questionnaires. The research results on comic book development used a 4D model, but in this research, only 3 stages were used (Define, Design, and Develop). The results of the validity of folklore comic books can be seen from the validation results of the expert team, namely material experts who got a score of 91.6% which was categorized as very valid, language experts with a score of 93.75% in the very valid category, and graphics experts who got a score of 90.9% in the very valid category and student questionnaire responses which got a percentage of 93% in the very good category.

The aim of this research is to describe the results of expert validation of ethnoscience-based teaching materials to develop student competence in critical thinking and caring attitudes. Expert validation in this research is part of the development of ethnoscience-based teaching materials to develop student competence in critical thinking and caring attitudes using the 4D model. This model includes stages, namely Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate so that it will produce ethnoscience-based teaching materials that are valid, practical and effective in developing students' competence in critical thinking and caring attitudes. Expert validation is included in the Develop stage. Validation of ethnoscience-based teaching materials to develop students' competence in critical thinking and caring attitudes was carried out by 3 experts, namely material experts, media experts and language experts. The research results show that the assessment from material experts is 96.7, media experts are 90.5, and language experts are 100. Thus, the average value of expert validation assessments is 95.7, including the Very Valid criteria. The product, in the form of ethnoscience-based teaching materials to develop students' competence in critical thinking and caring attitudes, was revised based on input from validators. The results of product revisions before and after validation are divided into 5 things, namely: 1) Adding indicators and numbering to Basic Competencies; 2) Improvements to tables that were previously scanned from source or reference books were revised by creating tables manually. The table has also been assigned a sequential number; 3) Addition of photos and videos related to ethnoscience; 4) Ethnoscience-based investigative activities; 5) Changes in the appearance and form of the formative tests available at the end of each chapter.

This study is a development research to determine the level of feasibility by experts, namely material experts, media experts and linguists as well as to find out student responses to the video tutorial media for Making Various Kinds of Kampuh in the Class X Fashion Subject at SMK Negeri 3 Kediri. The research was developed using 4D model, namely define, design, develop and disseminate. The data collection method uses a media feasibility assessment questionnaire by Material Experts, Media Experts and Language Experts as well as student response questionnaires. The data analysis technique uses descriptive analysis techniques to process data from the validation results of media feasibility and student response data.The results of research and development of video tutorials for making various kinds of kampuh show the following results, (1) The feasibility level of the media by the Material Expert with an average score of 3.31 which is declared Very Feasible to be tested. The level of eligibility of the media by Media Experts with an average score of 3.73 which was declared Very Feasible to be tested. The feasibility level of the media by linguists with an average score of 3.50 which was declared Very Feasible to be tested. (2) The results of student responses in a small-scale trial with 6 people obtaining a score percentage of 89% are included in the Very Good category. While the results of student responses in the large-scale trial of 31 people obtained a score percentage of 92% included in the Very Good category.

The development of this module is motivated by several difficulties experienced by students in the learning process. Some of these difficulties are that students do not understand the teaching materials that used, besides that, students are also less interested in teaching materials that used in the learning process. The purpose of this research is to produce products in the form of modules that are suitable for use, and overcome the difficulties experienced by students. The type of development research that used in this study is the 4D model suggested by Thiagarajan, Semmel and Semmel (1974). The 4D model has 4 stages namely Define, Design, Develop and Disseminate, but this research is only carried out until the Develop stage. This developed product has been validated by experts for 2 times. The results obtained from the first stage of validation were design and language experts got the score of 81% with the criteria of "Good", material experts were 81.84% with the criteria of "Good". The results of the second stage of validation are design and language experts and got the result of 88.42% with the criteria "Very Good", 85.63% point of material experts with the criteria "Very Good" and small group trials obtained results of 83.83% with the criteria "Good". Based on the results of expert validation and small group trials, the product in the form of modules developed has been appropriate for students to use without revision.

The electrical topic is considered a difficult material because electricity is a substance that is not seen but can be felt. The objectives of this study were (1) to develop digital textbooks for basic electricity materials based on problem-based learning. (2) to analyze the feasibility of digital textbook products for basic electricity materials based on problem-based learning. This research is development research using the 4D model, namely define, design, develop, disseminate. This study involved language, material, and media experts in validating research products. The research subjects were students of technical engineering vocational education in one of the public universities in Indonesia who took Basic Electrical and Electronics courses, namely 25 students. The data collection technique used interviews, document analysis, and questionnaires. The data analysis technique used descriptive statistical analysis. Based on the results of the research, it is found that (1) the development of digital textbooks on basic electricity materials based on problem-based learning is carried out by referring to the 4D model development steps, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate. (2) The appropriateness of digital textbooks according to the media expert's assessment of getting a mean score of 3.61 is declared very good, the material expert's assessment is 3.52, which is declared very good, and the user response gets an assessment of 3.51, which is declared very good. Theoretically, the developed digital textbooks are able to increase student interest and motivation to learn basic electrical materials in an easy way.

Background: Generation Z, who make up the majority of today's university students, face psychological challenges due to the complexities of life and the influence of social media, with data showing a high rate of suicide among teenagers. Under these conditions, universities need to facilitate the development of positive adaptation skills. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop film media titled Nadin as an intervention to increase Gen-Z resilience in students of UIN Raden Intan Lampung. Methods: The research employs the Research and Development (R&D) method using the 4D model. Validation was conducted through questionnaires and interviews involving three media experts, three material experts, three linguists, and 50 students selected by purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Results: The Nadin film obtained a feasibility score of 75.33% from media experts, 96.58% from material experts, 96% from language experts, and 90.37% from students. The film integrates narrative techniques with resilience-building strategies and was validated as a feasible media intervention. Conclusion: The Nadin film is proven to be an effective media tool to improve Gen-Z resilience in higher education settings. This study contributes to mental health education by providing an innovative and culturally relevant media-based intervention. Implications: Nadin's film has important implications in education, mental health, and media development. As a learning tool, the film helps students deal with psychological challenges while highlighting the need for mental health programmes in higher education. Strong validation from experts demonstrates the potential of other creative media in supporting education. The involvement of students in the validation process also emphasised the importance of listening to their voices in designing relevant interventions. In addition, the positive results encourage further research on the impact of media on developing students' resilience.

This research aims to find out whether the Big Book for dealing with dyslexic students is feasible, practical and effective in the learning process. This research uses the Research and Development (RnD) research method with a 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, Dessiminate). The instruments used in this research were interview sheets, validation sheets for media experts, material experts, language experts, questionnaires for homeroom teacher responses and student responses as well as tests conducted pretest-posttest to see the effectiveness of the Big Book in overcoming dyslexic students. The results of this research show that what has been developed received a percentage of 84.16% (media experts), 93.3% (material experts), as well as 100% (homeroom teacher response) and 93% (student response) with very practical criteria. Big Book was also declared effective as seen from the achievement of N-Gain results by getting an N-gain score of 16.44 with an average N-Gain score of 0.782857 with an N-Gain score percentage of 78.28%. Based on the presentation of the results above, it is stated that the Big Book for overcoming dyslexia that has been developed is feasible, practical and effective for use in the learning process. The Big Book developed can help students who have difficulty reading and teachers can use the Big Book as teaching material in the classroom.

One of the challenges of teaching English for Science students in Indonesia is the training to comprehend science content in English. They need to have the skill to improve their science development knowledge by exploring it through latest information from scientific journals and text books. In fact, most of the students have limited English proficiency that results in the limited variety source of their literature references. Their pre-test result was not satisfactory by only reaching the average of 67. To overcome the problem, the workbook that integrated English skill and science content was developed to support the learning process. The design of research was Research and Development consisting of conducting need analysis, designing product, expert validation, revising product, trial in small scale level, and using the product in the learning process. The instrument to gather the data was the validation sheet for the expert containing indicators of valid criteria of workbook from the aspect of the material, language and media, the students' response questionnaire related to the use of workbook and science content in English test. The data were analyzed descriptively based on the data obtained from the research. The validation from the experts of language, material and media to produce a valid and feasible product showed that the workbook was feasible to be used as instructional material. The result showed that the expert of material, language and media gave the score of respectively 100, 92 and 92. The workbook also proved to be effective to improve the students' mastery of science content in English material with the average of 80. The workbook entitled Science plus English was designed to revise the previous instructional material and it has never been developed as instructional material. The novelty is the integration of English skill lesson and science content.

This research aims to know the level of validation and level of practicality of the development of e-LKPD based on HOTS with a 4D model of Doppler effect material from a material expert, media expert, teacher, and student. The research type is a 4D model but this research is limited to 3D steps that are defined, designed, and develop. The research population was students in SMA Negeri 3 Pematangsiantar Class XI Science. The sample research is taken by cluster sampling. In this research, the validators have an instrument with a questionnaire of development e-LKPD to know the level of validation. The instrument of this study was a questionnaire from a material expert, media expert, and teacher. The analysis results that development gets level validation and practicality are very worthy with 92,5% from the material expert, very worthy with 97,5% from the media expert, and very worthy with 95,2% from a teacher. Based on the data, the conclusion is that the development of e-LKPD based on HOTS with a 4D model on the Doppler effect is very worthy of validation and practicality.

This study aims to develop teaching materials in the form of scientific-based picture story books in physics subjects before being used. This research uses development research based on the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). At the development stage (Develop). The validation assessment was carried out by media experts, material experts and language experts. The validation results of media experts scored 40 in the very good category, material experts scored 50 and linguists scored 27. So it can be concluded that the development of teaching materials in the form of picture story books based on scientific physics for class XI IPA students at SMA Negeri Megang Sakti is very good from aspects of media, material and discussion reach valid criteria.

Teaching materials that are less relevant to the needs of students can affect the effectiveness of learning, so it is necessary to develop teaching materials according to the needs of students to achieve learning objectives. This study aims to describe the feasibility of teaching materials for job application letter writing guidebooks with a content and language integrated learning (CLIL) approach and a problem based learning (PBL) model, analyze the effectiveness, and practicality of student responses to teaching materials for guidebooks. This type of research is research and development (Research & Development) with the 4D model from Thiagarajan which includes define, design, develop, and disseminate. Product validity instruments were obtained from material experts, language experts, and design experts. The study showed (1) the feasibility of developing a "very valid" guidebook based on the average assessment results from the validator of 84.29%, namely material validity of 93.75%, language validity of 82.14%, and design validity of 77%. (2) The effectiveness of the teaching materials of the guidebook shows an average learning response of the experimental class of 86.90% (3) The teaching materials of the guidebook are considered practical because they are able to make it easier for students and support the learning process based on the results of the study, the student response was 85.39% with the criteria of "very practical". Based on the results of the percentage of teaching materials of the guidebook for writing job application letters with the content and language integrated learning (CLIL) approach and the effective problem based learning (PBL) model, it was stated as "very suitable" as a learning resource for students.

This study aims to develop interactive for science subjects related to the Circulatory System Material for Grade V of State Elementary School 30 Pontianak Selatan. This research and development used the 4D model (Four-D) consisting of define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. Quantitative data results from the lift filled in by experts and students. Qualitative data were obtained from suggestions and notes by experts and students. The instruments used were interview guidelines, questionnaires, and documentation. The feasibility level of interactive teaching materials was based on the results of assessments by material experts, design experts, and language experts, while the practicality level of teaching materials was based on the results of student assessments. The feasibility of the material in the aspect of material obtained an average value of 80% and was considered "feasible". The feasibility of the materials in the design aspects obtained an average value of 85% and was considered "feasible". The feasibility of the materials in the language aspects obtained an average value of 100% and was considered "very feasible". The practicality of teaching materials obtained an average value of 85% and was considered "Practical".

The research and development is titled “Development of Pop-Up Book Media in Enhancing Literacy Culture in the Reading Corner Program at SMP Negeri 1 Berastagi.”This development research aims to determine: (1) The design of pop-up book media; (2) The development of pop-up book media in enhancing student literacy; (3) The feasibility of pop-up book media in improving student literacy. This research is conducted using a Research and Development (R&D) model with the 4D model, which includes Define (definition), Design (design), Development (development), and Dissemination (dissemination). The subjects of this research are students of SMP Negeri 1 Berastagi, totaling 35 individuals. The instruments used in this research include questionnaires to assess the development, feasibility, and effectiveness of the media. Data analysis techniques include product data analysis, initial data analysis, and hypothesis testing.The results show that the pop-up book media received evaluations of 81% from media experts, 92% from material experts, and 65% from language experts. There was an average increase in student scores of 83%, indicating a significant change between pretest and posttest scores. The conclusion of the research is that the pop-up book media for drama content is suitable for use in literacy activities of the reading corner program. Recommendations for future research include being more meticulous in planning the development of pop-up book media, ensuring it aligns with the needs and characteristics of students.

The type of research used is research and development or Research and Development (R&D). The development research model used to modify the 4D model (Four D model). Development with the 4D model consists of four stages, namely the define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. There are two types of data obtained from the development of teaching materials, namely qualitative data and quantitative data. The instruments in this study included documentation, interviews, teacher and student response questionnaire validation sheets. There are two types of data obtained from the development of teaching materials, namely qualitative data and quantitative data. The instruments in this study included documentation, interviews, teacher and student response questionnaire validation sheets. The object of this development research is a teaching material product. While the subjects in this study were experts, teachers and elementary school students 21 Kaur. The feasibility of DL-based teaching materials is in the category of quite feasible or valid (moderate) with an average of 54% based on the results of validation by material experts, namely 53%, validation by language experts, namely 55% and validation by presentation experts, namely 54%. User responses regarding DL-based teaching materials based on the results of small group scale tests showed that DL-based teaching materials in Indonesian language learning fairy tale material for class V 21 Kaur elementary school which were developed were in the very good category with a percentage of teacher responses of 95.50% and the results student responses of 98.30%.

This research aims to development E-LKPD Based on a Contextual Approach Using Live Worksheets for Text Description Material for Grade VII SMP Students by measuring the level of validity and practicality of the E-LKPD being developed. The development model used in this research is the 4D model which starts from the define, design, develop stages. E-LKPD was validated by three experts, namely material experts, language experts and product experts. The data analysis techniques in this research are quantitative descriptive to analyze product validity and practicality assessment scores and qualitative descriptive to analyze comments, suggestions and input on the product. The results of this research are (E-LKPD) Based on a Contextual Approach Using Live Worksheets with a percentage of validation from material experts reaching 89% with the qualification "very valid", validation from product experts reaching 80% with the qualification "valid", and validation from language experts reaching 100 % with the qualifier “very valid” is suitable for use. The practical results (E-LKPD) Based on a Contextual Approach Using Live Worksheets carried out on a small scale received a score of 96% "very practical", on a large scale a score of 87% "very practical". This research can be used as a reference for further research to determine the level of effectiveness of E-LKPD and can be used as a reference in developing other products.