Abstract
An optical probe was developed to measure the change of oxy-hemoglobin (OHb), deoxy- hemoglobin (RHb), and total hemoglobin (THb) along with temperature from the vaginal wall of female rats. Apomorphine (APO, 80 μg/kg) was administered to elicit sexual arousal in female Sprague Dawley rats (SD, 180–200 g). The behavior changes caused by APO administration were checked before monitoring vaginal responses. The changes of oxy-, deoxy-, and total hemoglobin concentration and the temperature from the vaginal wall were monitored before, during, and after APO administration. Animals were under anesthesia during the measurement. After APO administration, the concentration of OHb (55 ± 29 μM/DPF), RHb (33 ± 25 μM/DPF), and THb (83 ± 59 μM/DPF) in the vaginal wall increased in a few min, while saline administration did not cause any significant change. In case of the vaginal temperature change, APO decreased the temperature slightly in the vaginal wall while saline administration did not show any temperature change in the vaginal wall. As the outcomes demonstrated, the developed probe can detect hemodynamic and temperature variation in the vaginal wall. The hemodynamic information acquired by the probe can be utilized to establish an objective and accurate standard of female sexual disorders.
Highlights
Aging leads to the decline of estrogen levels in women, which can result in female sexual dysfunction (FSD) [1]
A diffuse optical probe was fabricated for investigating the hemodynamic response licking response, yawning, andwall bleary eyes.apomorphine hydrochloride hemihydrate (APO)
Preliminary results indicate our system administration significant behavior changes these in non-anesthetized rats, such as athat startled and is capable of monitoring hemodynamic responses, including blood volume and tissue oxygenation, during sexual stimulation
Summary
Aging leads to the decline of estrogen levels in women, which can result in female sexual dysfunction (FSD) [1]. The vaginal wall becomes thinner and physical characteristics, such as elasticity, expandability, and flexibility, worsen. Several tools have been applied to diagnose female sexual dysfunction, such as pH lubrication measurement [6], functional MRI (fMRI) [7], and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) [8]. Among these tools, pH measurement in the vaginal wall is a common and simple means of evaluation. It is possible to collect vaginal fluid and find out the hormone associated with vaginal pH, but the sample is
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