Abstract
Wind and other renewable energies are more and more developed all over the world, especially in countries with high wind potential such as Vietnam, to replace fossil energy, which would be exhausted in the near future. One important characteristic of wind turbines is that at each different wind speed, there exists a working point, represented by the rotation speed and the mechanical power at the crankshaft of the wind turbine, at which the maximum mechanical power is obtained, called maximum power point (MPP). Therefore, when the wind speed changes, this working point must be changed to be able to extract the maximum power from the wind to improve the total efficiency of the wind turbine system. This, in a wind energy conversion system (WECS), is assigned to the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller. In this paper, a MPPT controller is proposed, based on an improved Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm, for wind turbines using permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), to maximize energy without measuring the wind speed and power characteristics of the wind turbine. An experimental model is also designed and tested in laboratory conditions, in which two coefficients K1 and K2 are used in turn when the working point is far or close to the maximum power point. The experimental results show that the proposed MPPT controller allows the extraction of maximum power from wind turbines under variable wind speed without determining the wind speed and characteristics of the wind turbine system.
Highlights
In recent years, the use of renewable energy resources is more and more increased due to the increasing need for energy and the shortage of traditional energy sources in the near future 1
The wind turbine emulator includes a tunnel and a three-phase motor controlled by an inverter, a wind speed gauge, a 6-bladed turbine system and a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)
The wind speed is varied by changing the three-phase motor speed through the inverter
Summary
The use of renewable energy resources is more and more increased due to the increasing need for energy and the shortage of traditional energy sources in the near future 1. A direct MPPT controller for variable speed PMSG driven wind turbine is proposed and tested in laboratory condition to extract maximum power from the wind without any knowledge about generator’s characteristic or load condition. In PMSG wind generation systems, the output current and voltage are proportional to the electromagnetic torque and rotor speed, respectively 9: Te = kT Ia (13). In a variable speed PMSG driven wind turbine, we can vary the output voltage VWT of the generator (by adjusting the duty cycle of the boots converter) to change the rotor speed ω. If we can control our system to work at the optimal rotor speed ωopt , maximum power will be extracted from the wind turbine.
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