Abstract
Despite the existence of a vast scientific literature on the subject of hydraulic energy recovery from water pipelines by means of micro- and pico-hydropower using pumps as turbines (PAT), such technology has found a very limited application thus far in practice. In fact, the selection of a pump as turbine for a specific site is a matter of nontrivial trade-offs between a variety of technical and economic parameters and this aspect has not been sufficiently captured and integrated into a reliable, proven, and practical selection methodology available to designers and practitioners. Hence, a multi-objective PAT selection software was developed and utilized to design a 3 kW energy recovery installation at a rural Irish water network. The performance of the scheme was monitored over 13 consecutive months, resulting in the generation of nearly 16,000 kWh of electricity and validating the output from the PAT selection software.
Highlights
Energy recovery from existing water pipelines through micro-hydropower (MHP), is a widely investigated practice that has found a limited degree of practical application to date due to several factors such as the large acquisition cost of miniaturized conventional hydro turbines and the lack of well-established design guidelines [1]
Pressure reduction is carried out using pressure reducing valves (PRV) or control valves, it is possible to use a hydraulic turbine in parallel to these, instead, to recover a portion of the dissipated pressure and convert it into electricity [3,4,5]
Further input parameter that had be 3.2.2, set into software the general to be fed into tax the(VAT)
Summary
(i.e., hydro power with installed capacity less than 100 kW) is a widely investigated practice that has found a limited degree of practical application to date due to several factors such as the large acquisition cost of miniaturized conventional hydro turbines and the lack of well-established design guidelines [1] This is true to a greater extent when considering pico-hydropower (PHP) applications in water pipelines, where the acquisition costs present an even greater challenge, the number of potential PHP opportunities is very large [2]. Pressure reduction is carried out using pressure reducing valves (PRV) or control valves, it is possible to use a hydraulic turbine in parallel to these, instead, to recover a portion of the dissipated pressure and convert it into electricity [3,4,5]. Their peak efficiency is usually lower than a custom-designed water turbine since PATs are standardized pieces of equipment that were originally designed and optimized for different applications, [6,10,11]
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