Abstract
We introduce a new method for real-time studies of membrane scaling and biofouling on thin film composite membranes (TFC) in reverse osmosis and nanofiltration water treatment using in-situ small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). SANS delivers information on nano and microscopic structures that support the interpretation of relevant engineering parameters such as membrane permeability and water flux. A flow cell high pressure SANS is described, followed by SANS characterization of TFC membranes finding ~0.5μm large cavities and ~300Å diameter large rod-like cavities inside the non-woven polyester and micro-porous polysulfone layer, respectively. In-situ desalination experiments in cross-flow mode at an applied pressure of 6bars and feed flow velocity of 0.2cm/s are followed. The scattering cross-section times sample thickness (μt=Σt×DS) derived from the transmission coefficient shows an overall enhancement due to newly formed scattering centers which is accompanied by a reduced membrane permeability measured simultaneously. This observation is supported by enhanced scattering of the membrane due to μm large domains of mass fractal structure. The addition of the protein BSA to the feed after desalination of 30h effectuates strong enhancement of the permeability accompanied by a about a 50% decline of μm large scattering centers.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
