Design and psychometric properties of the academic vitality scale in nursing students.

Professional socialization is a critical process that influences hospital nurses' professional identity, competence, and ethical standards, ultimately impacting the quality of patient care. This study aimed to translate the Professional Socialization Scale (PSS) for Hospital Nurses into Persian and evaluate its psychometric properties among Iranian nurses. A cross-sectional methodological study was conducted in two phases: translation and psychometric evaluation. A stratified sample of 511 nurses from both public and private hospitals in Kermanshah City, Iran, participated in the study. The scale was translated into Persian using the Douglas and Craig model, and its content and face validity were assessed. Construct validity was evaluated through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The internal consistency of the scale was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients, while test-retest reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The PSS scale maintained the meaning of the original English version and was clear and understandable for hospital nurses. In qualitative face validity, one item changed slightly and all items were retained in the quantitative face validity assessment. Each item's content validity ratio ranges from 0.71 to 1, the Item content validity index ranges from 0.79 to 1, while the Scale-level Content Validity Index was 0.89. The EFA and CFA confirmed a four-factor structure of the Persian version of the scale, with 21 items explaining 67.72% of the total variance. The model fit indices indicated excellent model fit. The scale demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.908, McDonald's omega = 0.904) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.908). The Persian version of the PSS for Hospital Nurses is a valid and reliable instrument. Nursing managers should facilitate the professional socialization process for nurses. This scale can be used to assess the socialization of nurses and guide their career development.

Pelvic floor disorders (PFDs), as a silent alert, is one of the pervasive debilitating health concerns among women all over the world, such that in developed countries, one in four women, suffers from PFDs. Validity and reliability of the Australian Pelvic Floor Questionnaire (APFQ) has not been determined in Iran, so to determine APFQ’s psychometric characteristics, we decided to conduct this study on women of reproductive age in Tabriz city, Iran. This methodological cross-sectional study was intended to determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the APFQ-IR in 5 steps including “translation process, content validity, face validity, construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and examination of ceiling and floor effects) and reliability” on 400 reproductive age women referring to health centers in Tabriz city, Iran, with cluster random sampling method in the period between May 2022 to September 2022. The translation process was done based on two approaches, Dual panel, and Beaton et al.’s five steps. Then, in order to evaluate content validity, face validity, and construct validity, 10 instrument and PFDs experts, 10 women from the target group investigated the instrument's items, and 400 eligible women completed the instrument. Finally, to determine the reliability, two internal consistency methods, (Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega) and test–retest method (ICC) were used. In the present study, content validity assessment of APFQ-IR, showed a good level of validity (CVR = 0.96, CVI = 0.94). To assess construct validity, exploratory factor analysis results on 36 items, led to the identification of 4 factors including bladder function, bowel function, prolapse symptom and sexual function, which explained 45.53% of the cumulative variance and indicated the sufficiency of the sample size (Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin = 0.750). Implementing confirmatory factor analysis, (RMSEA = 0.08, SRMR = 0.08, TLI = 0.90, CFI = 0.93, χ2/df = 3.52) confirmed the model fit indices. Finally the internal consistency and reliability was high for the entire instrument (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.85; McDonald's omega (95% CI) = 0.85 (0.83–0.87) and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (95% CI) = 0.88 (0.74–0.94)). The Persian version of the APFQ-IR, has a good validity and reliability and has acceptable psychometric properties, thus can be used both for research purposes and for clinical evaluation of pelvic floor disorders symptoms in health centers.

Objectives: We aimed to develop a scale and evaluate this scale's validity and reliability to measure factors affecting people's knowledge and attitudes toward the pandemic breaking transmission chain.Methods: This exploratory mixed-method study was carried out in two phases: (1) item generation using literature reviews and interviews and, (2) item reduction by psychometric assessments of the developed scale. The face, content, construct (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis), convergent, and discriminant validity of the scale were assessed in the Iranian population (n = 500) from March to June 2020. The Composite Reliability (CR) and the internal consistency correlation coefficient were estimated.Results: The Knowledge and Attitude Scale Toward COVID-19 Pandemic Breaking Transmission Chain (KA-C) among the Iranian population included 18 items. Two factors with a whole variance of 66.05% were identified by exploratory factor analysis. Factors were labeled as “health literacy” and “home health empowerment.” The confirmatory factor analysis showed the goodness of fit. The CR of the scale for first and second factors were 0.965 and 0.833 receptively. The scale's internal consistency correlation coefficient was acceptable (Cronbach's alpha = 0.960 and 0.823, average interitem correlation = 0.643 and 0.635, McDonald's omega = 0.963 and 0.829, for the first and second factor, receptively).Conclusion: The KA-C scale can be exerted to screen the people's knowledge and attitude about the COVID-19 pandemic breaking the transmission chain as a valid and reliable scale for further policymaking, health care providers, and for a multi-dimensional psychosocial assessment of the pandemic period.

This study aims to assess the linguistic and cultural validity of the translated Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) in Persian, ensuring that the nuances of social support are adequately captured and comprehended by Iranian cancer patients. In this cross-sectional study, 400 cancer patients from Iran were assessed using the MSPSS. By using exploratory factor analysis (with Maximum Likelihood factor analysis and Promax rotation) and confirmatory factor analysis, the construct validity of this scale was assessed. To check for internal consistency, the average inter-item correlation, Cronbach's alpha, and McDonald's omega coefficients were used. Most of the participants ranged in age from 49 to 59 years (n = 102, 34%). Two factors were extracted from EFA and the total cumulative variance explained by these factors was 61% of the total variance. Item factor loadings varied between 0.613 and 0.949. Internal consistency coefficients were considered acceptable (>0.7). The Farsi version of the MSPSS as a self-report measure showed acceptable reliability and validity. Consequently, the scale can be used by nurses to evaluate perceived social support among Farsi-speaking cancer patients that can help them to take necessary actions to decrease the level of concern in these patients.

Since the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic, information dissemination has increased rapidly. Promoting health literacy is currently crucial to prepare people to respond quickly to situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the importance of health literacy in this critical situation, we are looking for a questionnaire to measure COVID-19 health literacy. The COVID-19 Germany Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLS-COVID-Q22) is an excellent tool, so the study aimed to create a cultural validity of this questionnaire for the Iranian population. In this validation study, 880 samples were enrolled using a convenient sampling method. The questionnaire was translated through a backward forwarding procedure. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were employed for Persian version validity. McDonald's omega (Ω), Cronbach's alpha, and average inter-item correlation (AIC) coefficients were assessed for reliability. Using EFA on the random half sample (n = 440), the EFA indicated that the scale had four factors: accessing, understanding, appraising, and applying health-related information in the COVID-19 pandemic context, which explained 59.3% of the total variance. CFA was used for the sample's second part (n = 440) to evaluate the goodness of fit of the four-factor solution. CFA showed the model fit. All indices RMSEA = 0.067, CFI = 0.934, IFI = 0.934, PCFI = 0.772, PNFI = 0.747, and CMIN/DF = 2.972 confirmed the model fit. The convergent validity of the HLS-COVID-Q22 was confirmed. McDonald's omega and Cronbach's alpha were very good (α and Ω >0.80). The Persian version of the HLS-COVID-Q22 had acceptable psychometric properties and is applicable to measure COVID-19 health literacy.

BackgroundEducational leadership plays a crucial role in the development of nursing students, significantly enhancing their clinical skills and preparing them to lead advancements in healthcare. This comprehensive educational approach ensures that nursing students are well-equipped to address contemporary healthcare challenges effectively.AimThis study aimed to translate the Educational Leadership Scale for Nursing Students into Persian and evaluate its psychometric properties among Iranian nursing students.MethodsThis cross-sectional methodological study was conducted in two phases: translation and cultural adaptation, followed by psychometric evaluation. After obtaining permission from the original scale developer, the scale was translated into Persian using the Pilot and Yang model. Face and content validity were assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Construct validity was evaluated through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A convenience sample of 469 nursing students from nursing faculties in Kermanshah Province, Iran, completed the questionnaire. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients. Test–retest reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) in a subsample of 47 nursing students.ResultsExploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the three-factor structure of the Persian version of the instrument, with 19 items accounting for 63.80% of the total variance. The model fit was excellent, as shown by the CFI, GFI, TLI, RMSEA, and SRMR values. The scale demonstrated acceptable internal consistency reliability, with Cronbach's alpha at 0.924 and McDonald's omega at 0.923. The ICC for the total score was 0.924 (95% CI: 0.910–0.936).ConclusionThe results of the present study indicate that the Persian version of the Educational Leadership Scale for Nursing Students possesses acceptable psychometric properties. The results of face, content, and construct validity, along with reliability indices (including internal consistency and test–retest reliability), indicate that this instrument is an effective tool for evaluating educational leadership characteristics among Iranian nursing students. However, to further confirm the validity and reliability of this scale, future studies with larger and more diverse samples of nursing students, including those in clinical settings, are recommended. Furthermore, examining the criterion validity and discriminant validity of this instrument could contribute to a better understanding of its psychometric characteristics.

BackgroundProviding safe care in a sensitive and high-risk unit such as the ICU is one of the most crucial tasks for nurses. One way to establish the criteria for safe care is by creating a instrument to assess it. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of designing and psychometrically evaluating an instrument for safe nursing care in the ICU.MethodsThe current study employed a sequential-exploratory mixed-method approach with two qualitative and quantitative phases. Based on the results of qualitative phase and the literature review, the primary instrument was designed. In the quantitative phase, the designed instrument underwent psychometric evaluation. Face, content and construct validity were assessed. Face validity was assessed by 20 nurses, and content validity was assessed by 26 experts. In the construct validity stage, the sample size for the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) included 300 nurses, and for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) included 200 nurses who work full-time in the ICUs of hospitals affiliated with Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in western Iran. EFA sampling was conducted in three hospitals, encompassing six ICUs, while CFA sampling was carried out in two hospitals, covering four ICUs. Sampling was done using the convenience method. The reliability of the instrument was also assessed. Finally, the interpretability, feasibility, weighting, and scoring of the instrument were evaluated.ResultsThe qualitative phase identified three themes, including professional behavior (with categories: Implementation of policies, organizing communication, professional ethics), holistic care (with categories: systematic care, comprehensive care of all systems), and safety-oriented organization (with categories: human resource management and safe environment). The primary instrument was designed with 107 items rated on a five-point Likert scale. In the quantitative phase, the psychometrics of the instrument were conducted. First, the face and content validity were assessed, and the average scale content validity index (S-CVI) was 0.94. Then, a preliminary test was conducted to assess the initial reliability (α = 0.92) and the correlation of each item with the total score. After completing these steps, the number of items in the instrument was reduced to 52. The results of the EFA explained 58% of the total variance, with 4 factors identified: professional behavior by following guidelines, comprehensive care, accurate documentation, and pressure ulcer care. At the CFA stage, the results of the calculation of indices and goodness of fit showed that the model had a good fit. The reliability of the relative stability by examining the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the whole instrument in 20 samples was 0.92 with a confidence interval of 0.97 − 0.81. To measure absolute stability and determine the responsiveness of the instrument, the standard error of measurement (SEM) was 4.39 and the minimum detectable change (MDC) was 12.13.ConclusionThe instrument for safe nursing care in the ICU has favorable psychometric properties.

Objective: The aim of this study was to translate and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) among the Iranian general population during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Method: This study was methodological cross-sectional. It was conducted on an Iranian public population from April to July 2020 which was during the COVID-19 pandemic. Construct validity was determined through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with a total of 500 adults recruited via online data gathering. Reliability was checked through the average inter-item correlation (AIC), Cronbach's alpha, and McDonald's omega. Convergent and divergent validity was determined using Fornell and Larcker's approach.Results: The results showed that the Persian version of IES-R had three factors, including intrusion (six items), avoidance (seven items), and hyperarousal (five items), that explained 59.22% of the total variance of the IES-R. The CFA findings indicated that all goodness-of-fit indices confirmed the model fit. The Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, composite reliability (CR), and maximal reliability were excellent, and the three factors have good convergent validity.Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that the Persian version of the IES-R scale is efficient and useful to assess post-traumatic stress disorder among Iran general population in the COVID-19 outbreak.

This study aimed to develop and psychometrically validate the Sexual Health Scale for Middle-Aged sexually active women (SHIMA). This study was a sequential exploratory study consisting of two phases. In phase one, we interviewed 19 middle-aged women and reviewed the existing instruments to generate an item pool. Then, a panel of experts (n = 16) examined the items. In the second phase, the psychometric properties of the scale were assessed. For content and face validity, a panel of experts (n = 8) and a group of middle-aged women (n = 10) reviewed the items. For construct validity, a cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 427 married women. Finally, SHIMA's reliability was assessed. In the first phase, the sexual health concept was explored, and a provisional scale including 60 items was generated. Next, 21 items were removed based on content and face validity. Accordingly, the results obtained from the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) indicated acceptable loading for 34 items tapping into six factors that jointly explained 48.67% of the total variance observed. The internal consistency evaluation revealed that Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega were greater than 0.7, and the average inter-item correlation was greater than 0.4, except for one factor that showed borderline results. Test-retest reliability over a 2-weeks interval was 0.90, indicating its high stability. The SHIMA is a reliable and valid scale for measuring sexual health in middle-aged married women. It can be used as a sexual health screening scale by healthcare professionals and for research purposes.

Student assessment is one of the main parts of educational planning, and improves the quality of education. Students understanding and feeling about assessment might affect significantly on learning and academic achievement. Considering the importance of this issue, and the lack of a valid and reliable Persian tool in medical universities for measuring this concept to measure students' perceptions and understandings of assessment, the current study aim was to determine the psychometric properties of (Students' Conceptions of Assessment - SCoA) inventory during the basic sciences students in medicine, dentistry, pharmacy in Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. This is a cross-sectional study design. In order to carry out this study, SCoA inventory was translated and culturally adopted. To measure validity, reliability, and normalize the inventory, it was distributed among the study population composed of 302 students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences during the academic year 1400-1401 who met the inclusion criteria. The collected data were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Cronbach's alpha using SPSS version 23 and Amos software. The results of data analysis showed that of the 302 participants, 119 were men and 183 were women. The mean age of students was 21.69 ± 2.16 years. Content validity was calculated, and it was reported 0.88. Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the internal consistency, and its value was 0.775. The construct validity of SCoA inventory was assessed using CFA by EQS version 6.1. The value of root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.092 with a 98% confidence interval, and the Goodness of fit index (GFI) value was 0.99. CFA for all items loaded across four factors, and this four-factor inventory showed a good fit in the Iranian community. For the first time, the psychometric test of SCoA inventory has been carried out at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. The Persian version of this inventory has good validity and reliability in Iran and is a useful tool for measuring the SCoA in medical university. Researchers and those interested in medical education and development centers can benefit from the results of this study. Also, this inventory has been applicable to determine the attitude and perceptions of students about assessment.

BACKGROUND:Assessment of the patient safety competency is necessary for the growth of nursing and safe care profession as well as evaluation of the nurses' educational needs. The present study was conducted to determine psychometric properties of the Persian version of the patient safety competency self-evaluation (PSCSE) tool in Iranian psychiatric wards.MATERIALS AND METHODS:All nurses (n = 209) working in two psychiatric hospitals of Kerman, Iran, were included in the present cross-sectional study using census method. This tool contains 41 items: six items are related to knowledge, 14 items deal with attitude, and 21 items are about skill dimension. Psychometric properties of the questionnaire including its content and face validity were also examined. The factor structure of the questionnaire was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis. The internal consistency and reliability were assessed by test–retest method with an interval of 14 days. Cronbach's alpha and corrected item-total correlation were used to measure reliability.RESULTS:The content validity index was 0.65 and the content validity ratio was 0.89. Item 14 was removed from the skill domain because it was not related to the psychiatric ward. According to the results of factor analysis, there was a significant relationship between the questions and the relevant factors. The correlation coefficient for test–retest with 14 days interval was intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.92 for the whole instrument and 0.89, 0.89, and 0.92 for the domains of knowledge, attitude, and skill, respectively. The internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) of the whole tool was 0.95 and 0.95, 0.79, and 0.95 for the domains of knowledge, attitude, and skill, respectively. Finally, PSCSE Questionnaire was obtained with 40 items in dimensions of knowledge (6 items), attitude (14 items), and skills (20 items).CONCLUSION:Persian version of the nurses' competency tool in ensuring patient safety in psychiatric wards has acceptable psychometric characteristics.

This study contributes to the development of a valid and reliable instrument, the spiritual care competence scale, as an instrument to assess nurses' competencies in providing spiritual care. Measuring these competencies and their development is important and the construction of a reliable and valid instrument is recommended in the literature. Survey. The participants were students from Bachelor-level nursing schools in the Netherlands (n = 197) participating in a cross-sectional study. The items in the instrument were hypothesised from a competency profile regarding spiritual care. Construct validity was evaluated by factor analysis and internal consistency was estimated with Cronbach's alpha and the average inter-item correlation. In addition, the test-retest reliability of the instrument was determined at a two-week interval between baseline and follow-up (n = 109). The spiritual care competence scale comprises six spiritual-care-related nursing competencies. These domains were labelled: 1 assessment and implementation of spiritual care (Cronbach's alpha 0.82) 2 professionalisation and improving the quality of spiritual care (Cronbach's alpha 0.82) 3 personal support and patient counseling (Cronbach's alpha 0.81) 4 referral to professionals (Cronbach's alpha 0.79) 5 attitude towards the patient's spirituality (Cronbach's alpha 0.56) 6 communication (Cronbach's alpha 0.71). These subscales showed good homogeneity with average inter-item correlations >0.25 and a good test-retest reliability. This study conducted in a nursing-student population demonstrated valid and reliable scales for measuring spiritual care competencies. The psychometric quality of the instrument proved satisfactory. This study does have some methodological limitations that should be taken into account in any further development of the spiritual care competence scale. The spiritual care competence scale can be used to assess the areas in which nurses need to receive training in spiritual care and can be used to assess whether nurses have developed competencies in providing spiritual care.

BackgroundSeveral reports have shown an increase in the number of type-2 diabetics among adolescents creating an extra burden for this age group. However, there is no instrument assessing adolescents’ attitude toward this disease. This study aims at designing a psychometric tool for assessing adolescents’ health beliefs regarding type-2 diabetes.Research design and methodsIn this methodological research, 770 boy and girl adolescents (between 13 and 15) from Tehran participated through multistage sampling. The Inclusion criteria were: junior high school students, students’ willingness for participation and not suffering from type-1 or type-2 diabetes. The questionnaire was designed by extensive literature review and the related existing questionnaires, as well as considering the research team’s comments. The validity of the questionnaire was determined through face and content validity. The construct validity was determined through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was measured via internal consistency coefficient (ICC) and internal consistency reliability was measured by Cronbach Alpha. SPSS 16 and EQS6.1 were used for data analysis.ResultsThe pool of questions had 57 items, and by removing similar (23 questions) or inappropriate sentences (8 questions), a draft questionnaire with 26 questions was designed. No items were removed in the face validity phase. Based on the results of CVR and CVI, six items and 4 items in the exploratory factor analysis were removed. Finally, a questionnaire with 16 items in 4 dimensions of perceived self-efficacy, behavioral beliefs, perceived susceptibility and perceived severity was obtained. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the model. The internal consistency coefficient was confirmed measuring Cronbach Alpha at 0.78 and ICC = 0.73.ConclusionThe questionnaire designed can be employed as a reliable and valid instrument to assess the psychological perceptions and health beliefs of adolescents with respect to type-2 diabetes.

Health care providers should be able to provide good quality end-of-life care. A tool to evaluate the positive and negative consequences of caring for dying patients is warranted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the End-of-Life Caregiving Experience Appraisal Scale (EOLCAS). This research was conducted in two phases. Phase I: The World Health Organization Protocol of forward-backward translation and an expert panel in order to determine face and content validity. Phase II: Survey development with 310 nurses who worked in critical care units, construct validity (construct, convergent and divergent validity), internal consistency (average inter-item correlation, Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega) and construct reliability were evaluated. The exploratory factor analysis showed that the present scale (Persian version) has four factors: Negative physical-emotional and social consequences, transcendental communication, information deficits and future rumination, which explained 83.92% of the overall extracted variance. Convergent and divergent validity were confirmed for all factors. The internal consistency and construct reliability were acceptable. The scale has a multidimensional concept that is sufficiently reliable and the use of the scale would be helpful in measuring consequences of caring for dying patients. This scale makes a significant contribution in that it helps in the recognition of positive and negative consequences of critical care nurses' caring for dying patients.

Suicide resilience has garnered increasing attention from researchers due to its potential role in suicide prevention. In 2021, Sánchez-Teruel etal. developed a tool to assess the resilience levels of individuals with a history of suicide attempts. The Scale of Resilience to Suicide Attempts (SRSA) is composed of 18 items across three dimensions: internal protection, emotional stability, and external protection. While the scale has shown robust psychometric properties in Spanish-speaking populations, cultural differences call for a revalidation of its psychometric characteristics among suicide attempters in Mainland China. This study aims to translate and adapt the SRSA into Chinese, and to evaluate its psychometric properties in adolescents who have attempted suicide in Mainland China. Following Brislin's translation model, a survey was conducted using purposive sampling on 393 adolescents who had attempted suicide at the Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Hospital and the Affiliated Mental Health Center of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. An expert panel evaluated the content validity. The scale's structural validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, along with measurement invariance. Additionally, tests for convergent validity, discriminant validity, and criterion-related validity were conducted. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, McDonald's omega, test-retest reliability, and split-half reliability. The Chinese version of the SRSA comprises three dimensions and 16 items. The item-level content validity index for all items ranged from 0.88 to 1.00, while the Scale-Level Content Validity Index was 0.97. The three common factors explained a cumulative variance of 59.339%. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a good model fit. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the entire scale was 0.908, and McDonald's omega was 0.910, with individual dimension Cronbach's alpha values ranging from 0.780 to 0.869 and McDonald's omega ranging from 0.859 to 0.910. The Chinese version of the SRSA is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the resilience levels of adolescents who have attempted suicide in Mainland China.