Abstract
We introduce a novel methodology for fabricating multiple, multidimensional and multiscale toughened phases, utilizing resin as a binder in traditional ceramic green body. This approach involves exfoliating expanded graphite (EG) mixed in phenolic resin (PF) using three-roll milling (TRM), coupled with the pyrolysis of PF catalyzed by Ni(NO3)2. The effects of catalyst contents and heat-treated temperatures on the phase composition, morphology and microstructure of the resulted products were investigated. An in-situ growth mechanism of CNTs from PF catalyzed by Ni(NO3)2 was proposed. The findings revealed the successful derivation of zero-dimensional (0D) glassy carbon (GC) and 1D CNTs from PF pyrolysis, catalyzed by 0D Ni nanoparticles from Ni(NO3)2 via a vapor-solid mechanism. The 2D multilayer graphenes (MLGs) were effectively produced by exfoliating EG through TRM. We proposed two distinct pathways for integrating multiple Ni/GC/CNTs/MLGs toughened phases with different dimensions and scales into ceramic matrices, potentially enabling synergistic interactions for futural toughening ceramic.
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