Abstract
Hydrogen/oxygen-generating biomaterials, a new trend in regenerative medicine, generate and supply hydrogen/oxygen to increase the local levels of hydrogen/oxygen to support tissue healing and regeneration. In this study, we carefully defined a strategic plan to develop a gas-permeable layer suitable for use in sanitary products that is capable of supplying hydrogen or oxygen in situ using calcium hydroxides as chemical oxygen sources. In vitro physicochemical evaluations of hydrogen- and oxygen-generation efficiency were performed to determine the amount of hydrogen and oxygen produced. An in vivo permeation study was conducted to assess biological parameters, including blood oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H+) levels. The stress hormone corticosterone and inflammation marker interleukin 6 (IL-6) were also quantified. The hydrogen/oxygen-generating patch (HOGP) continuously generated H+ or O2 for up to 12 h after activation by water. An in vivo evaluation showed blood H+ peaked at 2 h after application of the HOGP and then progressively decreased until the end of study (24 h), whereas oxygen content (O2(ct)) and oxygen saturation (SO2(SAT)) continuously increased up to 6 h. Hematological and electrolyte parameters did not significantly change compared to baseline. Wearing the stretch fabric used to secure the patch did not significantly increase serum corticosterone or interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the animals. This novel design of a hydrogen/oxygen-generating biomaterial for supplying topical H+/O2 may hold potential for increasing in situ or circulating H+/O2 levels to improve healthcare outcomes.
Highlights
As a biological antioxidant, molecular H+ can selectively neutralize free radicals and exert anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and therapeutic effects on cells from various biological tissues and organs [1,2,3]
Wang et al reported that inhalation of hydrogen gas (XEN) once for 45 min attenuated airway inflammation in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), mainly by inhibiting the pro-inflammatory cytokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) [13]
165.6 ppm at 12 h, suggesting that conversion of aluminum powder into stable compounds containing calcium led to the generation of H+ and O2 (Figure 3; blue dots)
Summary
Molecular H+ can selectively neutralize free radicals and exert anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and therapeutic effects on cells from various biological tissues and organs [1,2,3]. Another advantage of H+ is its strong diffusion ability [4]. H+ gas has recently been recognized as an important gaseous signaling molecule (GSM) in biology and holds appealing potential in healthcare due to its ability to prevent various types of cellular injury [9,10,11,12]. Wang et al reported that inhalation of hydrogen gas (XEN) once for 45 min attenuated
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