Abstract
Being the important organic reaction intermediates and biological scaffolds, a series of 2-alkyl/aralkyl/heterocyclyl sulfanyl-5-amino/methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazoles have been synthesized by suitable synthetic route and characterized by analytical and spectral data. The evaluation of these compounds for their bioefficacy against two phyto-pathogenic fungi revealed their fungicidal potency against Rhizoctonia bataticola (ED50 values, 3.9–300.4 μg/mL) and Rhizoctonia solani (ED50 values, 4.2–228.5 μg/mL). To further augment their fungicidal efficacy, the potent five fungicidal compounds were nano-sized. The protocol for preparing 1,3,4-thiadiazole based nano-fungicide employing polyethylene glycol was developed and standardized. Characterization of nano-forms of 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives by particle size analyzer and electron microscopy (TEM) techniques confirmed the <100 nm average particle sizes of all nano-fungicides. The 2–4 times higher fungicidal activity was observed with nano-forms than the corresponding conventional sized 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives against phytopathogenic fungi, namely, Rhizoctonia solani and R. bataticola.
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