Design and Analysis of Balun for 3-4 GHz Ultra-Wide Band Receiver Front End for Wireless Communication

A pulsed ultra wideband receiver front end for the 3.1 to 10.6 GHz band is implemented in a main-stream 0.18 mum CMOS technology. The monolithic UWB receiver incorporates a mixed-signal multiphase clock generator together with an analog demodulation and amplifier chain on a die of 1.4times1.4 mm2. A dual in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) receiver approach, enabling phase modulation of the UWB impulses, is presented and experimentally demonstrated. The design is optimized to cope with the large bandwidths at the RF input stage and the output buffers are able to directly drive an external analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The receiver consumes 120 mW from a single 1.8 V power supply and is capable to detect 107 M pulses per second. Data transfer up to 428 Mbit/s is possible when a 16-PSK modulation scheme is applied, but can be easily scaled down according to the actual signal-to-noise (SNR) parameters

A pulsed Ultra Wideband receiver front end for the 3.1 to 10.6 GHz band is implemented in a main-stream 0.18 mum CMOS technology. The monolithic UWB receiver incorporates a mixed-signal multiphase clock generator together with an analog demodulation and amplifier chain on a die of 1.4times1.4 mm. A dual in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) receiver approach, enabling phase modulation of the UWB impulses, is presented and experimentally demonstrated. The design is optimized to cope with the large bandwidths at the RF input stage and the output buffers are able to directly drive an external analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The receiver consumes 120 mW from a single 1.8 V power supply and is capable to detect 107 M pulses per second. Data transfer up to 428 Mbit/s is possible when a 16-PSK modulation scheme is applied, but can be easily scaled down according to the actual signal-to-noise (SNR) parameters.

To determine the most appropriate design for ultra wideband (UWB) receiver front-end, a study was conducted on the designs of wideband antennas, wideband filters, and wideband amplifiers. Previous works on these devices have been analysed and compared for the following major parameters, which are antenna return loss, antenna bandwidth, filter bandwidth, filter insertion loss, filter return loss, amplifier gain, amplifier bandwidth, amplifier return loss, and amplifier noise figure. This work is to integrate wideband antenna, filter, and amplifier that were previously designed separately, into a complete UWB receiver front-end. The preferred designs for the integration are antipodal Vivaldi for the antenna, multiple-mode resonator (MMR) for the filter, and three cascaded Agilent HMMC-5200 series-shunt heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) amplifiers for the amplifier module. Setup and simulation of the antenna is performed using Agilent ADS Momentum while the simulations of the filter and UWB amplifier module are performed using Agilent ADS Schematic. The antipodal Vivaldi antenna achieves partial wideband capability with return loss below -10 dB between 3.3 GHz and 6.2 GHz. The MMR bandpass filter simulation realizes an almost maximally flat insertion loss response for the entire UWB passband that is from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz and return loss below -15 dB throughout the passband. The UWB amplifier module demonstrates amplification from 28.7 dB to 30.3 dB and return loss below -17 dB from DC to 20 GHz. The front-end simulation realizes 25 dB to 29 dB of signal amplification within the UWB passband. The out-of-band rejection performances are 8.2 dB/GHz and -8.1 dB/GHz roll-off rates for the lower and upper stopband respectively. The link system also realizes low noise figure between 1.47 dB and 3.13 dB within the UWB passband.

The design of a CMOS ultra-wideband (UWB) receiver front-end for high data rate, short-range wireless communications is presented. Targeted for the MB-OFDM UWB standard proposal, the receiver front-end uses a direct-conversion architecture and integrates a wideband low-noise amplifier (LNA) and two double-balanced mixers for quadrature downconversion. Designed in a 0.13-mum CMOS technology and housed in a low-cost LPCC package, the prototype chip delivers 22.9-26.4 dB of power gain and 4.8-7.7 dB of double-sideband noise figure over the entire 3.1-10.6 GHz UWB band. An input third-order intercept point (IIP3) of -11.5 dBm ensures a linear receiver. Operating from a 1.5-V supply, the UWB receiver frontend draws 32 mA dc current

An inductorless low-noise amplifier (LNA) design for ultra-wideband (UWB) receiver front-end is presented. Without on-chip inductors, the ultra-wide bandwidth is achieved by a syncretic adoption of thermal noise canceling, capacitor peaking, and current reuse. Fabricated in a 0.13-mum CMOS technology, the LNA exhibits a small signal gain of 11-dB and a -3-d 15 bandwidth of 2-9.6-GHz. The input return loss is less than -9.5-dB, and the noise figure is 3.6-4.8-dB. The LNA consumes 19-mW from a low supply voltage of 1.5-V. The LNA circuit with pad occupies only 0.17 mm2 die area, which is among the smallest reported designs.

Multi-standard terminals for cellular, WLAN, and WPAN applications are becoming more common in 5G wireless communication systems. The goal of this study is to create an ultra-wide band receiver front end design for systems that use multiband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. This technology functions in a wide bandwidth in this form of wireless link, allowing user to transport data in terms of GHz frequency and Different performance trade-offs associated with low power design are examined. Power consumption, a possible noise number, and performance in terms of linearity are all related. Circuit design moves forward with the allocation of gain among various subcircuit blocks for a power-optimal system based on these linkages.This paper provides a thorough analysis of the literature and analysis of mixer on many advancements in wireless communication employing ultra wide band receiver front end topology. The received noise figure of less than 5 dB is measured across the frequency 3GHz to 5 GHz. The flat gain of 6dB for the desired frequency. The return loss in set at less than minus 10dB.

We present a new analog circuit exhibiting high bandwidth and low distortion, specially designed for signal correlation in an ultra-wideband receiver front end. The ultra-wideband short impulse signals are correlated with a local pulse template by the correlator. A comparator then samples the output for signal detection. A typical Gilbert mixer core is adopted for multiplication of broadband signals up to . As a result of synchronization of the received signal and the local template, the output voltage level after integration and sampling can reach up to , which is sufficient for detection by the comparator. The circuit dissipates about from double voltage supplies of and using SiGe BiCMOS technology. Simulation results are presented to show the feasibility of this circuit design for use in ultra-wideband receivers.

This paper describes front-end components of the monolithic integrated impulse radio (IR) Ultra-wide band (UWB) receiver. The receiver is intended for the use in Low Data Rate (LDR) Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN) which is defined by the IEEE 802.15.4a standard. In order to assure compliance with the standard, receiver RF front-end components are designed towards higher degree of integration, low cost and low power consumption operation. The receiver operates in the higher UWB band and is able to cover channels from 5 to 9 of the IEEE 802.15.4a standard, which corresponds to the frequency range from 6 to 8.25 GHz. The circuit was fabricated in 0.25 µm SiGe:C BiCMOS technology.

A recently developed ultra-wideband (UWB) balun opens new possibilities for the low-cost, mass-producible, and surface mountable UWB components with 10psilas of GHz bandwidth. The balun is a simple microstrip-to-coplanar stripline transition structure, but a single balun can be designed to have operating frequency range from DC to over 40 GHz. The balun design is based on optimal impedance matching and smooth field transformations between adjacent transmission lines. Utilizing this uniplanar balun, new low-cost and mass-producible components-e.g., mixers, doublers, antennas, detectors, differential amplifiers, etc.-with 10psilas of GHz bandwidth are being developed. The new UWB components can also be designed in the form of low-cost surface-mountable chips, which may open new commercial UWB application areas. In this presentation, the design of the ultra-wideband balun will be described, and recent developments of new UWB components utilizing the balun will also be introduced.

This paper deals with our Ultra Wide Band (UWB) receiver which is designed for precise indoor localization of fire fighters and members of the rescue teams. The purpose of this indoor positioning system is to search for UWB transmitters in a given area and to determine their position. This article describes not only the hardware design of the UWB receiver but also the FPGA firmware development. The described hardware is also focused on the development of algorithms and creating signal records used during the real positioning system development. The design of our UWB receiver considers many requirements such as wide bandwidth, high ADC sampling rate, high speed digital buses, high speed digital interfaces and being made of low cost parts. The results of our simulations show that UWB receiver we proposed is suitable for this application and the hardware and firmware is able to fulfill our requirements. New functions and new signal processing algorithms can be easily added to the FPGA firmware in the future.

This paper compares two single balanced mixer designs for ultra-wideband (UWB) of RF front-end at frequencies ranging from 3 to 10 GHz. The proposed mixer designs use two balun topologies for varying mixer performances. Thus, Design 1 incorporates a Coupled Line Balun and Design 2 incorporates a Branch Line Balun. Both designs make use of Skyworks' SMS7621 Schottky diodes, which have a low junction capacitance, and the Rogers RO4350B substrate, which has a dielectric constant of 3.48. The Coupled Line Balun (Design 1) offers a total length of 88 mm, whereas the Branch Line Balun (Design 2) creates a more compact structure with 48 mm. This paper's thorough analysis and measurements show each design's benefits and drawbacks in terms of circuit size and performance. The simulations and measurement results of both designs generally showed a conversion loss of less than 20 dB and LO-RF isolation of better than 50 dB.

This paper presents the design of a low noise amplifier (LNA) for the ultra wideband (UWB) signals which lies in the frequency range 3.1–10.6 GHz. This method uses resistive feedback gain enhanced noise cancelling technique. It is an inductor less LNA design which consumes less power and improves the noise Fig. By using this technique, we achieve a power gain of 10.7 dB, a noise Fig. of 2.2 dB at 4.8 GHz and an IIP3 of −2.9 dBm. The power consumed by the circuit is 8.3 mW. The simulated results demonstrate that the proposed LNA has the largest bandwidth, the lowest power consumption and lowest noise Fig. among the inductorless wideband LNAs found in the literature.

Summary form only given. Since its inception, the durable, conformal, and low profile equiangular spiral antenna has enticed private enterprise and public entities to expand and enhance applications for biotechnology, communications, military, and space implementation. The spiral antenna's ultra-wideband (UWB), high efficiency, and circular polarized features attract implementation where physical and electromagnetic environment conditions fluctuate such as intelligence gathering, astronaut extra vehicular activities, satellite communications, navigation, and disaster communications. Impedance matching the spiral is critical. Common solutions utilize a balun or an impedance transformer. These solutions preserve the antenna's efficiency and radiation profile. Some examples of balun and impedance transformers applied to spiral antennas include integrating planar microstrip baluns with vias, complex coplanar strip designs, multi-layer substrates with strip lines, coaxial cables, perpendicular feed lines, etc. Balun designs have a limited impedance bandwidth or add manufacturing complexity impeding spiral antenna implementations. NASA has developed a conformal S-band equiangular spiral antenna constructed from commercially available e-textiles made from polyester cloth plated by a mixture of silver, copper, and nickel. The e-textile fabrication made the antenna malleable to clothing, spacesuits, flags, etc.; however, the inflexible coaxial cable balun leaves the structure vulnerable to damage. Unforgiving environments, such as outer space, necessitate design and fabrication considerations for resiliency and robustness.

Chip-to-chip ultrawideband (UWB) wireless interconnections are essential for reducing resistance capacitance (RC) delay in wired interconnections and three-dimensional (3D) highly integrated packaging. In this study, we demonstrated a wireless interchip signal transmission between two on-chip meander antennas on printed circuit board (PCB) for 1 to 20 mm transmission distances where the low power gain of each antenna due to a lossy Si substrate has been amplified by a low-noise amplifier (LNA). The measured result shows that the LNA produces 26 dB of improvement in antenna power gain at 4.5 GHz on a lossy Si substrate. Moreover, a Gaussian monocycle pulse with a center frequency of 2.75 GHz was also received by an on-chip antenna and amplified by the LNA. The LNA was integrated with an on-chip antenna on a Si substrate with a resistivity of 10 Ω·cm using 180 nm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The investigated system is required for future single chip transceiver front ends, integrated with an on-chip antenna for 3D mounting on a printed circuit (PC) board.

In this paper, a planar ultrawideband (UWB) transmission line balun based on a novel phase inverter is proposed, which consists of three coaxial connector to double-sided parallel-strip line (DSPSL) transitions, a two-section Wilkinson divider, and a phase inverter. In the phase inverter, a 90-degree rotating transition is applied to realize field inversion. It maintains good structural uniformity of the two outputs of the balun and ensures the characteristics of equal energy division and a stable 180-degree phase difference in wide frequency band. Compared with other designs, the proposed balun has the advantages of easy to design, UWB operation, low reflection, equal power division and a stable phase difference. The presented balun works in the 0.52 GHz to 2.32 GHz band, covering 4.46 octaves. The measurements can achieve the reflection, amplitude imbalance and phase imbalance characteristics below -15 dB, ±0.46 dB and ±4 deg, respectively. The designs including the phase inverter and balun are fabricated and measured to verify the performance, and the measurements are found to be in good agreement with the simulations. In addition, the UWB potential of the proposed balun is studied. From an example based on a 1:2 balun, we can conclude that the proposed balun has the potential to work in a wider frequency band within the range of 0.1 GHz to 3GHz.