Description, Origination and Prediction of Geomagnetic Storm

Abstract

The research of geomagnetic storm has developed rapidly, and many new geomagnetic storm prediction methods have appeared. In order to summarize the previous research on geomagnetic storms, and points out the improvement direction of several existing forecasting methods. This paper uses the method of literature research to introduce the basic knowledge of geomagnetic storms, the interplanetary origin, and three forecasting methods: analysis of the change of cosmic ray flux to predict geomagnetic storms, evaluation of neural networks to analyze solar wind data for geomagnetic storm prediction and using very low frequency signal to predict geomagnetic storms. The advantages and disadvantages of the above three forecasting methods are compared. According to the analysis, one can have a relatively comprehensive understanding of geomagnetic storms and grasp the basic ideas of the existing geomagnetic storm forecast methods, the forecast lead and accuracy of geomagnetic storm can be achieved by combining many existing forecasting methods. A deeper study of the relationship between Earth and the Sun could also lead to the discovery of new methods for predicting geomagnetic storms.