Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non coding RNAs of 18–25 nucleotides in length. The temporal or short-lived expression of the miRNAs modulates gene expression post transcriptionally. Studies have revealed that miRNAs deregulation correlates and is involved with the initiation and progression of human tumors. Cervical cancer (CC) displays notably increased or decreased expression of a large number of cellular oncogenic or tumor suppressive miRNAs, respectively. However, understanding the potential role of miRNAs in CC is still limited. In CC, the high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) infection can affect the miRNAs expression through oncoprotein E6 and E7 that contribute to viral pathogenesis, although other viral proteins might also be involved. This deregulation in the miRNAs expression has an important role in the hallmarks of CC. Interestingly, the miRNA expression profile in CC can discriminate between normal and tumor tissue and the extraordinary stability of miRNAs makes it suitable to serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of cancer. In this review, we will summarize the role of the HR-HPVs in miRNA expression, the role of miRNAs in the hallmarks of CC, and the use of miRNAs as potential prognostic biomarkers in CC.
Highlights
MicroRNAs are noncoding regulatory RNAs of 18–25 nucleotides in size that are derived from coding or noncoding sequences [1]
To genes that encode for mRNAs, specific miRNAs were classified as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes based on their expression patterns in tumors [1, 2]
MiRNA signatures have indicated that aberrant miRNA expression is common in most human tumors [6] and genome wide miRNAs analyses indicate that approximately 50% of miRNA genes are located at fragile sites (FRAs), as well as in minimal regions of loss of heterozygosity or minimal regions of amplification, which are associated with cancers [2, 7, 8]
Summary
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding regulatory RNAs of 18–25 nucleotides in size that are derived from coding or noncoding sequences [1]. Many miRNAs are tissue- or differentiation-specific, and their temporal or short-lived expression modulates gene expression at the posttranscriptional level by base-pairing with complementary nucleotide sequences of target mRNAs [1]. Studies have identified chromosomal alterations, gene expression changes, and aberrant promoter methylation associated with cervical cancer (CC) [10], but little is known about the specific role of miRNAs. it has been experimentally verified that some miRNAs play an important role in the hallmarks of CC such as cell cycle progression/proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, immune response, invasion, and metastasis. It has been experimentally verified that some miRNAs play an important role in the hallmarks of CC such as cell cycle progression/proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, immune response, invasion, and metastasis These processes are commonly deregulated in cancer, indicating the involvement of miRNAs in CC. MiR-23b, miR-34a, miR-101, miR-143, miR145, miR-218, and miR-424, Upregulated miR-15a, miR146a, and miR-223
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