Abstract
Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) contains a large number of acidic domains, multiple phosphorylation sites, a functional arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) motif, and a DNA binding domain, and has been shown to play essential regulatory function in dentin and bone mineralization. DMP1 could also orchestrate bone matrix formation, but the ability of DMP1 on Ti to human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) conversion to osteoblasts has not been studied. There is importance to test if the DMP1 coated Ti surface would promote cell migration and attachment to the metal surface and promote the differentiation of the attached stem cells to an osteogenic lineage. This study aimed to study the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) attachment and proliferation on DMP1 coated titanium (Ti) disks compared to non-coated disks, and to assess possible osteoblastic differentiation of attached hMSCs. Sixty-eight Ti disks were divided into two groups. Group 1 disks were coated with dentin matrix protein 1 and group 2 disks served as control. Assessment with light microscopy was used to verify hMSC attachment and proliferation. Cell viability was confirmed through fluorescence microscopy and mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was done to study the gene expression. The proliferation assay showed significantly greater cell proliferation with DMP1 coated disks compared to the control group (p-value < 0.001). Cell vitality analysis showed a greater density of live cells on DMP1 coated disks compared to the control group. Alkaline phosphatase staining revealed higher enzyme activity on DMP1 coated disks and showed itself to be significantly higher than the control group (p-value < 0.001). von Kossa staining revealed higher positive areas for mineralized deposits on DMP1 coated disks than the control group (p-value < 0.05). Gene expression analysis confirmed upregulation of runt-related transcription factor 2, osteoprotegerin, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and alkaline phosphatase on DMP1 coated disks (p-value < 0.001). The dentin matrix protein promoted the adhesion, proliferation, facilitation differentiation of hMSC, and mineralized matrix formation.
Highlights
Novel modifications in dental implant surfaces could enhance better osseointegration of dental implants [1,2,3]
The importance of endosseous dental implant surface topography has been demonstrate in many studies [33,34,35,36], but until the late 1990s, investigation focused on micronscale modifications
The observation that a micron-scale rough surface prepared by grit blasting and subsequent hydrofluoric acid (HF) treatment presented a superimposed nanotopography suggested that nanoscale modifications could alter adhered cellular activity or tissue responses leading to greater osteogenesis [37,38,39,40]
Summary
Novel modifications in dental implant surfaces could enhance better osseointegration of dental implants [1,2,3]. Since the inception of current implant designs, modifications to improve osseointegration have led to reportedly [4,5,6] favorable implant survival rates for partially edentulous and edentulous patients. Dental implant osseointegration results through the primary stability as influenced by the bone quantity and quality at the implant site through clinical and biological steps [7,8]. Further modifications of the implant surface to enhance bone growth and maintenance are important for initial healing and ongoing implant stability in function. The surface properties of the Ti implant are an important factor for osseointegration such as surface structure, wettability, chemistry, and charge [10,13,14,15]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
