Dental caries risk factors in West Jakarta Primary students: A cross-sectional study

Dental caries experienced by almost 70–95% in school children throughout Southeast Asia.1 The dental and oral disease is the highest disease in primary school age children in Indonesia with a prevalence of 74.4%.2 This study aims to determine the relationship of risk factors with the incidence of dental caries in primary school children. This research is quantitative with cross-sectional design conducted on elementary school children in Banjar District. Sampling is based on multistage cluster sampling that has been established based on inclusion and exclusion criteria with a sample size of 136 primary school children. Data were analyzed using logistic regression test. The results showed that 82.4% of primary school children had high dental caries. The logistic regression test showed that three variables had significant relationship and were the risk factor of dental caries incidence was sweet food consumption (p = 0, 000; OR = 16, 980), oral and mouth hygiene (p = 0, 000; OR = 62, 126), knowledge of the mother = 0, 009; OR = 9, 927) and the most influential factor on dental caries incidence is the habit of maintaining oral hygiene (OR = 62, 126). The conclusions of this study are factors related to the risk of dental caries in primary school children is the consumption of sweet foods, the habit of maintaining oral hygiene and knowledge of the mother, with the most influential factor is the habit of maintaining oral hygiene.

To assess the oral health behaviors and risk factors of 5-year-old children in Yuecheng District, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, in order to identify major oral health issues and propose measures for improvements. This retrospective study was conducted from September to October 2023, involving 5-year-old children from 22 kindergartens in Yuecheng District. The survey was administered after obtaining informed consent from the children's parents, who completed a questionnaire regarding their children's oral health behaviors and awareness, as well as the oral health status of the children. A total of 2 108 online electronic questionnaires were collected, with 1 965(1 063 male and 902 female children) confirmed as complete and valid, achieving an effective response rate of 93.2%. After oral examination of 1 641 children, the form data were complete, and 1 635 valid data were obtained (826 male and 809 female children), with a completion rate of 99.6%. The average number of decayed, missing, and filled primary teeth (dmft) for 5-year-old children were 3.95, 0.01 and 0.66, respectively. In Yuecheng District, the averages for decayed and filled primary teeth were significantly higher than the national average in 2018. The survey results indicated that the frequency of sweet food consumption of children in Yuecheng District was significantly lower than the national average, while the habits of brushing teeth, parental assistance in brushing and the use of fluoride toothpaste were significantly higher than the national average. The positive attitude and awareness rate of parents of 5-year-old children on oral health in Yuecheng District were significantly higher than the national average(P＜0.05). Univariate analysis of the factors influencing oral health in 5-year-old children showed that the presence of dental caries was significantly associated with dietary habits, oral hygiene behaviors, parental attitudes toward oral health and parental knowledge of oral health (P＜0.05). The independent risk factors for dental caries in 5-year-old children in Yuecheng District were eating sweets and candies more than twice a day(OR=1.065), drinking sweetened beverages more than twice a day(OR=1.189) and drinking sweetened milk or formula more than twice a day (OR=1.234, P＜0.05). The independent protective factors for dental caries in 5-year-old children in the same region included brushing teeth daily(OR=0.863), brushing teeth twice or more per day(OR=0.884), using fluoride toothpaste(OR=0.876), parental assistance with brushing(OR=0.814), regular dental check-ups(OR=0.834), belief that bacteria can cause caries(OR=0.862), awareness that sugar can lead to caries(OR=0.799), the need for treatment of caries in deciduous teeth(OR=0.860) and the protective effect of fluoride on teeth(OR=0.823, P＜0.05). The higher DMFT and filling rates of 5-year-old children in Yuecheng District of Shaoxing City indicate better oral hygiene conditions. The positive influence of parents' proactive attitudes and higher levels of oral health knowledge has positively impacted children's oral health. It is necessary to strengthen the control of children's sweet food intake and improve parents' oral health awareness to further reduce the occurrence of children's oral health problems.

Tooth decay can be caused by bacteria that live in the mouth. These bacteria feed on food leftovers in the teeth and produce acid. This acid destroys the enamel layer, dentine layer, and pulp. The purpose of this study is to analyze the risk factors of dental caries in primary school children. The subjects of this study were 77 students of SD Sendangmulyo 1 Semarang. We used questionnaires, diagnoses, and interviews for data collection. For data analysis, we used descriptive analysis method. The results showed that the most common dental caries risk factor in primary school children was sugar consumption. Up to 72% of children agreed to bring packed meal, 90.7% were used to have a breakfast, 80% used to clean their mouth every day, 70.7% clean their mouth after meals, 64% brush their teeth after eating candy, and 89.3 % brush their teeth before going to bed. There is a relationship between oral hygiene and dietary behavior and dental caries status of primary school children. In conclusion, there is a relationship between oral hygiene and dietary behavior and dental caries status of primary school children.

Caries, an oral cavity disease with several causes, is significantly increasing. According to the 2018 Basic Health Research, 92.2% of adults between the ages of 35 and 44 had dental caries. In DKI Jakarta, the prevalence of oral health issues reached a percentage of 59.1%. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors for dental caries in adults aged 35-44 years in DKI Jakarta. This research is descriptive observational research with a cross-sectional design. This research uses secondary data from the 2018 Riskesdas. The final total of the respondents was 1,100 after considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on the results of the research, respondents who were at higher risk of caries development were female (52.2%), employed (68.3%), and had intermediate education (46.3%). Based on certain habits, groups of risk factors that have a high frequency are incorrect time to brush teeth (97.2%), consuming sweet food 1-6x per week (48.5%), consuming sweet drinks ≥ 1x per day (64.3%), consuming soft drinks (89.6%) and energy drinks (93.9%) ≤ 3x per month, not consuming alcoholic beverages (96.8%), and smoking (51.9%). Overall, the prevalence of caries in adults aged 35-44 years in DKI Jakarta is 45%, with a high frequency of various risk factors. Risk factors that are related to the incidence of dental caries are intermediate level of education (OR = 1.19573), high level of education (OR = 1.58056), unemployed (OR = 0.78646), consumption of sweet foods ≥ 1x per day (OR = 0.71107), and smoking (OR = 0.72334).

Caries in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

BackgroundOral health behaviours such as establishing twice-daily toothbrushing and sugar control intake need parental self-efficacy (PSE) to prevent the development of childhood dental caries. A previous study has shown that behaviour change techniques (BCTs) delivered via a storybook can improve parental self-efficacy to undertake twice-daily toothbrushing. Objective: to determine whether an intervention (BBaRTS, Bedtime Brush and Read Together to Sleep), designed to increase PSE; delivered through storybooks with embedded BCTs, parenting skills and oral health messages, can improve child oral health compared to (1) an exactly similar intervention containing no behaviour change techniques, and (2) the BBaRTS intervention supplemented with home supply of fluoride toothpaste and supervised toothbrushing on schooldays.Methods/DesignA 2-year, three-arm, multicentre, cluster randomised controlled trial. Participants: children (estimated 2000–2600) aged 5–7 years and their families from 60 UK primary schools. Intervention: Test group 1: a series of eight children’s storybooks developed by a psychologist, public health dentist, science educator, children’s author and illustrators, with guidance from the Department for Education (England). The books feature animal characters and contain embedded dental health messages, parenting skills and BCTs to promote good oral health routines focused on controlling sugar intake and toothbrushing, as well as reading at bedtime. Books are given out over 2 years. Test group 2: as Test group 1 plus home supplies of fluoride toothpaste (1000 ppmF), and daily supervised toothbrushing in school on schooldays. Active Control group: series of eight books with exactly the same stories, characters and illustrations, but without BCTs, dental health messages or parenting skills. Annual child dental examinations and parental questionnaires will be undertaken. A sub-set of participants will be invited to join an embedded study of the child’s diet and salivary microbiota composition. Primary outcome measure: dental caries experience in permanent teeth at age 7–8 years.DiscussionA multi-disciplinary team was established to develop the BBaRTS Children’s Healthy Teeth Programme. The books were developed in partnership with the Department for Education (England), informed by a series of focus groups with children, teachers and parents.Trial registrationISRCTN21461006 (date of registration 23 September 2015).

Oral health is important for general health and quality of life. Dental health is important, especially for child development. Dental caries is a dental health disorder. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for dental caries in preschool children in RA-ALHAKIM kindergarten Siraman village, Kesamben district, Blitar district. The design of this study is quantitative with a cross sectional approach. The population of this study were students of Ra Al-Hakim Tk A and Tk B. The sample size of 67 respondents was taken using Simple Random Sampling technique. Dependent variable Occurrence of dental caries in children, independent variables of knowledge, role of parents, and behavior of children. The results of the analysis using logistic regression with a value of α 0.05. The results showed that there was no significant effect between children's knowledge of the occurrence of dental caries in children with p-value of 0.258, there was a significant influence between the role of parents on the occurrence of dental caries in children with p-value of 0.048, there was a very significant influence between children's behavior on the occurrence of dental caries in children with a p-value of 0,000, the most influential factor with the occurrence of dental caries in children with a p-value of 0,000 is the variable of child behavior In order to reduce the incidence of dental caries in children it is necessary to have an active role from parents, or the school principals, teachers, and the entire school community in carrying out their role in providing actions not only to provide knowledge, but also concrete actions for dental caries in children can be reduced

Background: the prevalence of dental caries in children aged 10 to 14 years is almost 41.4%. The CAMBRA method helps doctors identify the cause of dental caries by identifying risk factors in each patient. Based on research, the etiology of dental caries was found by identifying risk factors in each participant. This study aims to describe what factors influence dental caries in children based on CAMBRA. Method: This research uses observational analysis with. The respondents were students at SDN Kadipiro I, Bantul, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Purposive sampling was used to create the sample, which included 82 children between the ages of 10 and 12 years. The research was carried out by finding dental caries risk factors using the CAMBRA method: 1. cavity or new dentin lesion, 2. white spot, 3. restoration in the last three years, 4. saliva volume, 5. plaque index/PHPM, 6. water pH saliva, and 7. Frequency of consumption of sweet foods. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 25.0 program which included frequency analysis. Results: The results of the analysis showed five risk factors for caries, namely the condition of the teeth, cavities or new dentin lesions were found in 58 respondents (70.7%), predisposing factors, the number of plaque was obtained in 44 respondents (53.7%), the frequency of protective factors was obtained and the frequency of caries was obtained. 63 respondents experienced dental caries. Conclusion: The risk factors for dental caries based on CAMBRA that influence children's dental caries are the criteria for lesion depth of dentin, saliva pH, and amount of plaque. Keywords: CAMBRA, risk actors, caries, children

Introduction Dental caries is the most common oral health disease of school-aged children around the world. In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of dental caries in primary schoolchildren in Yasuj township, Iran. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a total of 460 children aged 7–12 years were investigated. Dental examination was performed at school according to the World Health Organization criteria. Sociodemographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire, and caries statuses of children's teeth were recorded through a dental chart. Data were analyzed using summary statistics, chi-square test, and logistic regression model with odds ratio. Results The prevalence of dental caries in primary, permanent, and whole dentition among children was 75.3%, 41.1%, and 89.8%, respectively. Among all considered factors, the caries presence in primary teeth was inversely (p < 0.001) and in permanent teeth was positively (p < 0.001) associated with the children's age. Moreover, the odds of decaying permanent teeth were significantly higher in girls, in rural children, and in children whose fathers were not an employee compared to their counterparts (p=0.04, p < 0.001, and p=0.02, respectively). Conclusions The prevalence of dental caries among the studied primary schoolchildren in mixed dentition was high and associated with their sociodemographic factors. Providing and implementing preventive, therapeutic, and informative programs for controlling dental caries at individual, family, and school levels are necessary for local health policymakers.

Brick tea contains high concentration of fluoride. The aim of the present work was to explore whether and how the brick tea is a risk factor for dental caries and dental fluorosis among Tibetan children in Ganzi. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 368 12-year-old Tibetan children in Ganzi. Dental caries was measured by DMFT index, and dental fluorosis severity was measured by Dean's Index. Community Fluorosis Index was used to estimate public health significance of dental fluorosis. Oral health-related behaviors and awareness, dietary habits and socioeconomic status were determined by a questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine risk factors associated with dental caries and dental fluorosis. Dental caries prevalence was 37.50%, mean DMFT was 0.84 ± 1.53, while dental fluorosis prevalence was 62.23%. Community Fluorosis Index was 1.35, indicating a medium prevalent strength of dental fluorosis. Dental fluorosis was associated with mother's regular consumption of brick tea and residence altitude, and dental caries was associated with mother's regular consumption of brick tea. Mother's regular consumption of brick tea was a risk factor for both dental fluorosis and dental caries among children. Reducing mother's brick tea consumption during pregnancy and lactation may improve oral health status of their children.

School age groups whose numbers are large enough and high enough teeth caries. One of the factors causing dental caries is a high consumption of cariogenic foods. According to the profile of the city of Bengkulu health, dental caries was ranked 15 of 21 patterns of disease outpatient clinic. Research Objectives. To Know the relationships and frequency of consumption of cariogenic dental health knowledge with dental caries in primary school children in the city of Bengkulu. Research Methods. Type of research is an observational study with cross-sectional research design. Subjects in this study were grade III-IV as many as 212 people Negeri 1, SD Negeri 4, SD Negeri 9, Bengkulu City Elementary School 74. The data analysis was performed with univariate and bivariate analysis, the use of statistics by using the Chi-square test and multivariate analysis with logistic regression statistical tests. Research. A total of 72.6% of respondents are cariogenic foods. Type of cariogenic foods are often consumed the sweets (22%), chocolate (20%) and ice cream (14%). There were 33.5% of respondents were regular dental checks. More than half of respondents (52.8%) were suffering from dental caries. Statistical test results obtained on disignifikan relationships between children with dental caries (p = 0.009). Children who are not regular dental memeriksaan 2.263 times likely to suffer from dental caries than children who regularly check their teeth. Obtained a significant relationship between the frequency of consumption of cariogenic foods with dental caries (p = 0.002). Children who frequently eat foods cariogenic 2.819 times likely to have dental caries than children who rarely eat cariogenic foods. Multivariate test results demonstrate knowledge of dental health is the most dominant factor affecting dental caries.

&lt;br/&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose&lt;/b&gt; - The aim of this study was to use probabilistic graphical models to determine dental caries risk factors in three-year-old children. The analysis was conducted on the basis of the questionnaire data and resulted in building probabilistic graphical models to investigate dependencies among the features gathered in the surveys on dental caries. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods&lt;/b&gt; - The data available in this analysis came from dental examinations conducted in children and from a questionnaire survey of their parents or guardians. The data represented 255 children aged between 36 and 48 months. Self-administered questionnaires contained 34 questions of socioeconomic and medical nature such as nutritional habits, wealth, or the level of education. The data included also the results of oral examination by a dentist. We applied the Bayesian network modeling to construct a model by learning it from the collected data. The process of Bayesian network model building was assisted by a dental expert. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt; - The model allows to identify probabilistic relationships among the variables and to indicate the most significant risk factors of dental caries in three-year-old children. The Bayesian network model analysis illustrates that cleaning teeth and falling asleep with a bottle are the most significant risk factors of dental caries development in three-year-old children, whereas socioeconomic factors have no significant impact on the condition of teeth. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions&lt;/b&gt; - Our analysis results suggest that dietary and oral hygiene habits have the most significant impact on the occurrence of dental caries in three-year-olds.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the fluoride content in drinking water and also the tooth decay rates in an age group in schools. This cross-sectional study included 350 children who were examined by well-trained general dentists under the supervision of consultants in operative dentistry, the faculty of dentistry, Gharyan. It was conducted at some private or public primary school in rural and urban communities of the Gharyan Municipality during the winter of 2024, between January 1 and February 30. The number of males and females was 200 and 150, respectively, and their ages ranged from 7 to 10 years old. The ethical approval of the current study was obtained from the faculty of dentistry at Gharyan University, and the oversight of education in Gharyan, as well as permission to conduct the study, was gained from the school administration. All patient details were recorded in self-prepared patient files, including general patient information, hard tissue findings, in addition to the dmft/DMFT score (dental caries index). The data was collected and exported to an Excel file, then analyzed statistically by a statistician specializing in biostatistics to obtain the required result. The data was collected and exported to an Excel file, then analyzed statistically by a statistician specializing in biostatistics to obtain the required result. In this study, descriptive methods were used to analyze the study data and obtain the result, including the Mann-Whitney test was used to study the significant differences between the sexes, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to study the significant differences between ages. The fluoride level is considered lower than the normal level in drinking water. Also, the rate of caries in children's heads is considered high.

The objective of this study was to assess the frequency and risk factors of dental caries among adults in District Kohat and Nowshera Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Methods: After taking ethical approval, a descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in District Kohat and Nowshera, in which a total of n=435 adults were assessed and examined for dental caries, from November 2021 to March 2022. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data regarding dental caries and its risk factors. Moreover, relevant tooth brushing, and dietary information was also collected. Data was analyzed by SPSS and results were presented in form of tables. Results: The results showed that 23.68% of adults had dental caries. Approximately, 57.70% of adults are of age between 30-60 years; 25.06% had monthly income less than 25000/PKR per month; 14.02% were illiterate, and 40.92% were overweight and obese. Moreover, 52.64% had compliance to daily tooth-brushing; 49.66% used fluoride tooth paste; 41.15% and 58.85% prefer sugar and sweet beverages respectively. Furthermore, 21.84% had poor oral hygiene; 14.94% had routine dental examinations; and 49.21% &amp; 32.41% prefer vegetables and fruits. Conclusions: Concluded that dental caries showed moderate prevalence among adults and revealed relationship with age; monthly income, body mass index, and literacy level. Moreover, frequency of tooth-brushing, fluoride tooth-paste, oral hygiene status and sweet preference showed association with dental caries and thus comprehensive preventive and health promotion strategies were needed to overcome dental caries among adults. Keywords: Dental Caries, Toothbrush, Fluoride, Monthly Income, Sugar, Sweet beverages, Nowshera

ABSTRACTAim:The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to determine the risk factors associated with the occurrence of dental caries increments in Thai dental patients.Materials and Methods:The dental chart records of 500 patients who visited the Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Mahidol University during 2003–2013 were included in this research. Risk factors such as age, gender, medical history, marital status, routine oral checkup, oral appliance usage, initial and final records of decayed (DT)-missing-filled (DMF-T), dental history of tooth extraction due to caries, xerostomia, presence of visible plaque, presence of interproximal restoration, and caries risk level were retrieved from dental records. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to determine the association of caries risk factors and new dental caries increments.Results:The results indicated that the rate of incidence of new dental caries was 2.1 per 100 person-month. In the multivariate hazard model, past caries experience in more than three teeth (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.29, 95%CI: 1.53–3.44) and xerostomia (adjusted hazard ratio: 4.47, 95%CI: 1.82–10.98) were independent risk factors of dental caries increments. Other factors, such as demographic data, physical factors, clinical factors, and other contributing factors, were not associated with the incidence of new dental caries.Conclusion:The presence of past caries experience and xerostomia were predictors of the occurrence of new dental caries.