Abstract
Density as a function of temperature was measured for the liquid transition metals niobium and tungsten by means of ohmic pulse-heating. The generated data are extensively compared to the existing literature data, and the uncertainty is critically assessed according to the guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM). Starting from the obtained liquid-phase density regression, the phase diagram, and the critical point, i.e., critical temperature T_{mathrm {c}} and critical density rho _{mathrm {c}} of niobium and tungsten are estimated. The so-obtained critical point for these two high-melting metals is compared to the data available in the existing literature.
Highlights
THE knowledge of a metal’s density as a function of temperature is frequently crucial for many scientific considerations and technological applications
The measured liquid density of niobium and tungsten are plotted and compared to experimental data given in the literature
The obtained density gradient of liquid niobium turned out to be lower than the various different values reported in the literature, while the density at the beginning of the liquid phase is in very good agreement with the data from the literature comparison
Summary
THE knowledge of a metal’s density as a function of temperature is frequently crucial for many scientific considerations and technological applications. Various models show a relatively strong sensitivity on input density data compared to other input-properties.[3] Density data of liquid transition metals, are often either scarcely available or are very inconsistent with each other. This is a consequence of the high temperatures that are involved when dealing with liquid metals
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