Abstract
This chapter investigates proton conducting ceramic membranes, thin palladium membranes supported on porous ceramic substrates, cermet membranes, and dense metallic membranes. Membranes made from metals and alloys of Group IVB and VB elements (i.e. Nb, Ta, V, Zr) exhibited the best overall performance. These materials have long been used as hydrogen separation membranes in the nuclear industry and possess hydrogen permeabilities 10 to 100 times better than palladium in the desired temperature range of 340-440°C. Studies were performed to determine the feasibility of using various dense hydrogen transport membranes for economical separation of hydrogen from CO2 in high-pressure water-gas shift reactors. If membranes were commercially available to separate CO2 from H2 in water-gas shift reactors, the hydrogen could be utilized as a clean fuel, and the CO2, remaining at high pressure and undiluted by nitrogen, would be in a very concentrated form desirable for economic sequestration.
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