Abstract
The coffee berry borer (CBB) Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari is the most serious pest of coffee worldwide. Management of the CBB is extremely difficult because its entire life cycle occurs inside the fruit, where it is well protected. Knowing which life stages contribute most to population growth, would shed light on the population dynamics of this pest and help to improve CBB management programs. Two staged-classified matrices were constructed for CBB populations reared in the lab on artificial diets and CBB populations from artificial infestations in the field. Matrices were used to determine demographic parameters, to conduct elasticity analyses, and to perform prospective perturbation analysis. Higher values of the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) and population growth rate (λ): were observed for CBB populations growing in the lab than in the field (rm: 0.058, λ: 1.74 lab; rm: 0.053, λ: 1.32 field). Sensitivity values for both CBB populations were highest for the transitions from larva to pupa (G2: 0.316 lab, 0.352 field), transition from pupa to juvenile (G3: 0.345 lab, 0.515 field) and survival of adult females (P5: 0.324 lab, 0.389 field); these three vital rates can be important targets for CBB management. Prospective perturbation analyses indicated that an effective management for the CBB should consider multiple developmental stages; perturbations of >90% for each transition are necessary to reduce λ to <1. However, when the three vital rates with highest sensitivity are impacted at the same time, the percentage of perturbation is reduced to 25% for each transition; with these reductions in survival of larvae, pupae and adult females the value of λ was reduced from 1.32 to 0.96. Management programs for CBB should be focused on the use of biological and cultural measures that are known to affect these three important targets.
Highlights
Coffee, Coffea arabica L. (Gentianales: Rubiceae) is one of the most valuable commodities in the global market, and its exportation is a key source of income for many developing countries [1, 2]
This study is the first to use artificial infestations of the coffee berry borer (CBB) in the field to perform elasticity and prospective perturbation analyses. These analyses identified which vital rates or CBB developmental stages are the best targets to improve CBB management programs
Results from elasticity analyses determined that transition from larvae to pupae, transition from pupae to juvenile and survival of adult females are the three vital rates that most influenced population growth rate (λ)
Summary
Coffea arabica L. (Gentianales: Rubiceae) is one of the most valuable commodities in the global market, and its exportation is a key source of income for many developing countries [1, 2]. (Gentianales: Rubiceae) is one of the most valuable commodities in the global market, and its exportation is a key source of income for many developing countries [1, 2]. Coffee is grown in more than 70 countries in the humid tropics [3]. In Latin America, coffee is produced from Mexico and the Caribbean to Brazil [4, 5]. Perturbation analysis of the coffee berry borer
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