Democracy, Empowerment and Inequality

Journal Article Democracy in India and the Judicial Process: Lectures delivered in the Lajpatrai Memorial Lecture series during the Centenary Celebrations at the Lajpatrai Memorial Hall, New Delhi in 1965, Inter-Governmental Relations in India: A Study of Indian Federalism, The Republic of India: Constitution and Government and A Comparative Study of the Indian Constitution. Vol. II. Part I: Citizenship and Franchise. Part II: Fundamental Rights Get access Democracy in India and the Judicial Process: Lectures delivered in the Lajpatrai Memorial Lecture series during the Centenary Celebrations at the Lajpatrai Memorial Hall, New Delhi in 1965. By M. Hidayatullah. London: Asia Publishing House. 1966. 89 pp. Bibliog. 20s.Inter-Governmental Relations in India: A Study of Indian Federalism. By Amal Ray. Bombay, Calcutta, New Delhi, Madras, Lucknow, Bangalore, London, New York: Asia Publishing House. 1966 & 1967. 184 pp. Bibliog. Index. 30s.The Republic of India: Constitution and Government. By B. M. Sharma. Foreword by K. N. Katju. London: Asia Publishing House. 1967. 655 pp. Bibliog. Index. 60s.A Comparative Study of the Indian Constitution. Vol. II. Part I: Citizenship and Franchise. Part II: Fundamental Rights. By D. K. Sirdar Sen. Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, New Delhi: Orient Longmans. 1966. 743 pp. Bibliog. Index. Rs. 30. Hugh Tinker Hugh Tinker Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 44, Issue 1, January 1968, Pages 142–143, https://doi.org/10.2307/2613590 Published: 01 January 1968

India is the largest democratic country and currently celebrating the festivity of the election. We observed that the editorial by Lancet published about India’s election: Why Data and Transparency Matter (1). After reading the editorial, the most important question came to the mind of Indian readers: Is there any hidden agenda in the editorial team of Lancet Journal? Why did the Lancet choose to deal with the subject of data and transparency at the time of the election in India? Close examination of this editorial’s references, particularly the second one, confirmed the hunch of readers that the comprehension is significantly biased as it is based on a media report and the editor has used his position in a scientific journal to interfere in the affairs of a sovereign nation. It is totally unacceptable and undone of scientific temperament. Through this letter, our team is conveying the feelings of the people of the largest democratic and secular country. We would not pick the Lancet as our first source of information on this issue. Secondly, the journal cannot afford to become politicized by allowing only one point of view to be expressed. How will we know the editor hasn't rejected papers simply because their findings disagree with your politics?

Well-being and its determinants from the perspective of the Palestinian youth in the occupied Palestinian territory

Objective: The purpose of this study is to prove the impact of natural disasters on economic and social conditions in regions in Indonesia. In addition, this study also wants to examine the moderating effect of domestic and foreign investment on the effect of natural disasters on economic and social conditions in Indonesia. This research is in line to support the achievement of SDG 3 and SDG 8. Theoritical Framewrok: This research uses basic theories related to human resource development theory and Harrod-Dommar economic growth theory. Methods: This study identifies the economic and social conditions of 34 provinces in Indonesia from 2017 to 2021 using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). Results and Discussion: The results show that the level of natural disasters has a positive effect on financial conditions but a negative effect on social conditions of 34 provinces in Indonesia from 2017 to 2021. The final finding is that the domestic investment variable can only strengthen the positive effect of natural disasters on financial conditions. Research Implications: The findings of this study indicate that the government in Indonesia conducts disaster management and makes a well-structured financial budget for disaster management in Indonesia so as to reduce the negative impact of natural disasters that occur. Originality/Value: This study explores the impact of natural disasters on social and economic conditions in Indonesia, which is still rarely done by previous studies and the presence of domestic investment and foreign investment variables as moderating variables adds to the novelty of this study.

India has always been the largest democratic country all over the world, and voting is prominent in Indian democracy. Election plays an important role in a modern democracy, and electronic voting machine (EVM) is a medium of conducting elections. EVM is the combination of software- and hardware-based program, which is controlled by an organization. Security issues, vote manipulation and voter integrity are some major issues in the current EVM-based system. It is difficult to rely on such programs when voting is concerned. Through this paper, a secure voting system is being made blockchain technology. This paper starts with the traditional voting system and then moves forward to understand the advanced system with blockchain technology in a real-case scenario with its features such as security and peer-to-peer network. The implementation of blockchain-enabled voting application with existing frameworks such as Ethereum, which improves the security of votes, makes elections transparent and maintains the integrity of voters.

Political parties are major foundation of parliamentary and liberal democratic system. India, being a largest democratic country and has a plural social multi- ethnic structure it is natural for the regional parties to play important role in Indian democratic system. Rise and decline of regional parties’ role in Indian politics is closely linked to the deepening of democracy and federalism. While in the early period of independence due to the dominance of Indian National Congress party, regional parties role and states’ participation in decision making at national level was negligible. But the decline of the one party hegemony during 1980s and rise of the coalition politics provided more space for regional parties to play important role in decision making at the national level. But the end of the coalition politics after 15th Lok Sabha election and emergence of the Bhartiya Janata Party as dominant party, are putting the limit on the roles of regional parties and space for state in power sharing. While the coalition era provided more voices and space for regional parties and opportunities for power sharing to states with center, the rise of one party dominance again in fifteenth lok Sabha election is putting threat to the autonomy of states and regional parties’ role in decision- making at national level. The paper is based on the assumption that regional parties serve as catalyst to check the centralisation of power and encourage inclusive democracy. It tries to understand the transformation of Indian politics along with the communal nationalistic line and experience of voiceless opposition. It also makes efforts to examine the rise and decline of regional parties’ role and its consequences for Indian democracy and federalism.

The First Amendment to the United States Constitution is an essential part of the Bill of Rights. The amendment prohibits making of any law respecting an establishment of religion, obstructing the free exercise of religion, infringing on the freedom of speech, infringing on the freedom of the press, interfering peoples assembling rights in a peaceful manner or prohibiting the petitioning for a governmental remedy of grievances. The guarantees of this Bill of Rights were subject to the limitation imposed by the free speech and press provisions of the First Amendment to the US Constitution as interpreted and applied by the Supreme Court and other courts. The United States and India are the largest democratic country and almost have similar free speech provisions in their Constitutions. This Article is intended to present the free speech provisions of the American and Indian Constitution as a basic fundamental right of human being. It is also to be examined that what is the role of Supreme Court in interpreting the freedom of speech and expression provisions. The study also tries to incorporate the comparison between the looms of both countries as far as freedom of speech is disturbed.

BackgroundGovernments strategically shape their population policies to effectively harness and sustain vital human resources, responding to the evolving dynamics of demographic trends and the intricate interplay of economic, social, and political conditions. Nevertheless, they strive to uphold their populations'health and fundamental rights. Iran's population policies have undergone significant shifts over the past four decades, reflecting changing socio-political dynamics and demographic challenges. This study aims to analyze Iran's population policies, emphasizing their implications for health outcomes and the status of human rights, offering important insights for governance in population policy.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study using Walt Gilson's Policy Analysis Triangle framework. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and national policy documents. Thematic analysis was employed to identify themes across policy context, content, process, and actors.ResultsIn the realm of population policies that impact the health and rights of individuals, members of parliament and pressure groups wielded the greatest power and influence. The policy-making environment was intricate and turbulent; governance exhibited poor and biased implementation; and, regarding content, an ineffective and inconsistent population policy package existed.ConclusionPopulation policies that overlook ethical principles and do not adequately address social needs or adapt to the evolving dynamics of societies pose a risk to individual health and infringe upon fundamental human rights.

Human rights are the basis of democracy. India is the largest democratic country in the world the success of democracy depend upon people participation in political system. Therefore it is necessary that all people should have basic human rights in real sense. Modern form of state has become welfare and the aim of state is man. So it becomes essential that every section of society need to get fundamental rights. Slum population in India is very large and being citizens of India they have a fundamental rights to get every facility that led to achieve right to life. Slums have variety of problems they are indicator of poverty, the right to education, standard of living, privacy property are violated. this paper covers some issues of human right violation in slum populations. Human right violation is widespread and systematic in slum people living in India. Denied their rights to adequate water, sanitation, quality education and health. The purpose of this study to see how human right is being violated in many forms among slum dwellers. Eviction and resettlement policies have removed the slums residents from job, transportation, school and food. This leading to greater insecurity, health problem, unemployment, child labour & violence among slum dwellers.
 Keywords: Slums, Slum dwellers, Human Rights

Research background: Integration and globalization processes encourage activities for the development of border regions. For the north-eastern regions of Poland and the Kaliningrad region, cross-border neighbourhood enables regions to cooperate and provides an opportunity for economic and social recovery.
 Purpose of the article: The present article aims to analyse areas of cross-border activity taking place on the Polish-Russian borderland, based on the opinions of the inhabitants of the Kaliningrad region. Taking into account the rapidly changing political and economic conditions, as well as social relations, the following areas of Polish-Russian cross-border cooperation have been examined: economic activity, tourism, social activity, scientific cooperation, neighbourly relations.
 Methods: The study presents the results of the author?s own research carried out using standardized interviews with 1,022 inhabitants of the Kaliningrad region. As the research instrument, a self-designed interview questionnaire. The adopted time frame encompassed four stages of the functioning of Polish-Russian cross-border cooperation, each of them different due to political, eco-nomic and social conditions. The sample was selected using the quota method. The correspondence analysis was used for statistical tools.
 Findings & Value added: The suspension of local border traffic has significantly limited the development of cross-border cooperation. The Polish-Russian relations, encumbered with high risk and uncertainty, have led to a considerable decrease in cooperation between border areas. The level of risk results not only from mutual relations between Poland and Russia, but is also a consequence of political and economic relations between the European Union and the Russian Federation. In the long term perspective, local border traffic may be open and similar conditions for the functioning of cross-border cooperation may occur. Therefore, knowledge about the activity of cross-border residents of Polish-Russian border regions will be useful in counteracting the undesirable effects that may occur.

This chapter makes an attempt to provide an outline of the contributions of the Indian democratic socialist tradition to the expansion and radicalization of the canvas of democratic theory and practice in India. While doing so, it also briefly discusses and highlights the historical and cultural context of the emergence of democratic imagination in India.11The democratic socialist tradition in India owes its origin during the Nationalist Movement by way of the establishment of the Congress Socialist Party (CSP). The CSP was a left-wing group, within the Indian National Congress, established to intensify the nationalist movement by turning it unequivocally, anticolonial and anti-imperialist. It also intended to radicalise the agenda of the nationalist struggle by incorporating into it aspirations of a socio-economic transformation of Indian society. After independence, the CSP severed its relation with the Congress and ramified into a number of splintered groups and parties over a period. See, John Patrick Haithcox, Nationalism and Communalism in India (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1968). In addition, the chapter also tries to grapple with certain central issues of democracy and civil society in contemporary India and shows how socialist input into Indian democracy could help in overcoming some of its predicaments. This analysis is done in three sections. The first section discusses the historical and cultural context of the emergence of democracy in India in terms of the nationalist movement and the framing of the Indian Constitution. The second section identifies the central issues that Indian democracy confronts today. Finally, the third section highlights the significance of the Indian democratic socialist discourse both in identifying the problems of Indian democracy as well as in providing amicable solutions to them.

This article examines the case of lower-caste politics in the populous north Indian state of Bihar in order to show the ways in which the liberal democratic model fails to capture the realities of democracy in postcolonial India. In order to explain the rise of lower-caste politics, I examine the ways in which relationships between state institutions, caste networks and locally dominant groups shape contemporary political possibilities, necessitating a re-evaluation of the relationship between liberalism and democracy in India. With state institutions being unable to effectively enforce rights, a caste-based notion of popular sovereignty became dominant – as an idea (the lower-caste majority should rule) and as the everyday rough-and-tumble of an electoral politics that ultimately revolves around the force of numbers. It is inadequate, and actually unhelpful, to simply point out the obvious fact that the enforcement of rights is routinely and systematically undermined in practice and to call for more effective implementation. In fact, I argue that effective implementation in places such as Bihar could only be possible through a radical restructuring of local power that can only come from below, through democratic practice itself.

For a fast growing economy like India where most of its cities experiencing consistently increase in urban population, the future welfare of city residents is heavily relied on providing better living conditions and health prospects to the urban dwellers particularly to those who are living in miserable and unhygienic environment. The paper derived slum condition index (Slum CI) of notified and non-notified slums for assessing relative status of living conditions and health status of slum dwellers in a fast growing city. Slum CI as a composite index of its four components of household environmental index (HECI), social condition index (SCI), economic condition index (ECI) and health condition index (HCI) worked as an effective tool for identifying not only the slums requiring attention but also priorities required for the development of healthy and smart city. Slum CI based analysis revealed wide inequalities in its four components. Non-notified slums were found to have poor slum conditions. Social, economic and health conditions demand higher priority over household environmental conditions in Nangla Battu. In Shobhapur and Phelera household environmental conditions should be accorded higher priority over social, economic and health conditions. The study has also identified priorities for the notified slums which have better slum conditions. For instance, in Jamna Nagar, social, economic and health conditions and in Uttam Nagar household environmental conditions should be given higher priority for sustainable urban environmental management. Social conditions, health conditions and household environmental conditions are the outcome factors of poor economic conditions in the sampled slums. Priority based policy responses were suggested. Thus, slum condition index based approach can be utilized for assessing welfare programmes and relative status in slums, and providing holistic framework for healthy city.

The airport is the entrance to an area, region, or country and is the primary means of air transportation. Sisingamangaraja XII International Airport is a State-Owned Enterprise (BUMN) under the auspices of PT Angkasa Pura II. Sisingamangaraja XII International Airport has a public service standard policy as a form of commitment to users. In implementing public service standards policies, there are several challenges in improving the quality of public services. This study aims to identify and describe the implementation of public service standards policies at Sisingamangaraja XII International Airport. This study uses descriptive research methods through a qualitative approach. In collecting data, the researcher used the method of interview, observation, documentation using the theory of Van Meter and Van Horn. The theory consists of variables that can determine the effectiveness of implementation, namely policy standards and objectives, relationships between organizations, resources, characteristics of implementing agents, social, political, and economic conditions, and disposition of implementers. This research shows that the orientation of the implementation of public service standard policies at Sisingamangaraja XII International Airport is public satisfaction. The airport manager makes some effort, such as the provision of digital-based facilities, service efficiency, availability of facilities that are orientated to standards, and accordance with the availability of resources, characteristics of implementer organization, economic, social, and political conditions. However, the airport management is still experiencing problems in several aspects, such as coordination with related organizations and partnerships that have not been effective and the political impact of refusing to change the airport's name by the local community.

: This paper asks the question: What can the US do to foster lasting stability in places like Terra- precarious? Terra-precarious' is a generic reference to a territory that is chronically afflicted with violent group conflict or humanitarian crises, due to destabilizing political, social or economic conditions. Recent decades saw numerous small conflicts and humanitarian crises. The international community responded with financial assistance, aid programs, value promotion programs, and peace operations. These responses generally failed to remedy root causes of conflict and crises. Consequently, conflict and crises persist and recur. The proposal in this paper is to grow peace, to embrace a Peace Growing program in US National Security Strategy. Peace growing cultivates economic, social and political conditions that foster lasting stability. It does this by means of commercial diplomacy, which is the conduct of commercial activities, on behalf of a government, to achieve diplomatic ends. Peace Growing focuses on economic and civic health in municipalities, inciting values, and peaceful conflict resolution norms while engaged in securing a municipality's economic prosperity.