Abstract
ObjectivesTo evaluate the wound healing process following direct pulp capping with demineralized bone matrix (DBM) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2).MethodsFifty 8-weeks-old SPF Wistar male rats were divided into two groups: one was the DBM treated group, and the other was the Ca(OH)2 treated group. Pulpotomy was performed on the maxillary first molar of one side of each rat, and the another side was left as the blank control. Rats were sacrificed after each observation period (1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days) and specimen slices were made. Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining was used for observing the changes of pulp tissue, and immunohistochemical staining was used for observing the expression of reparative dentinogenesis-related factors runt transcription factor 2 (Runx2), type I collagen (COL I), osteocalcin (OCN) and dentin sialoprotein (DSP).ResultsInflammatory cell infiltration (ICI) and pulp tissue disorganization (PTD) could be observed in both the DBM and Ca(OH)2 groups at all observation periods. The DBM group showed slighter ICI on 1 and 28 days and milder PTD on 28 days, with a significant difference (P<0.05). Reparative dentin formation (RDF) could initially be observed on 14 days postoperatively, and the DBM group showed more regular and thinner RDF with significant differences on 14 and 28 days compared with the Ca(OH)2 group (P<0.05). In both groups, the expression of Runx2, COL I, DSP and OCN were positive. Generally, the expression of these four factors in the DBM group was stronger than the Ca(OH)2 group on the same observation periods.ConclusionsDBM had the ability of inducing odontoblast differentiation and promoting dentinogenesis. DBM could initiate physiologic wound healing in pulp and had the ability to promote reparative dentin formation. Consequently, DBM may be an acceptable alternative for direct pulp capping.
Highlights
Dental pulp vitality is of great importance to teeth, for providing nutrition and as biological sensors to detect outside stimulus
Reparative dentin formation (RDF) could initially be observed on 14 days postoperatively, and the demineralized bone matrix (DBM) group showed more regular and thinner reparative dentin formation (RDF) with significant differences on 14 and 28 days compared with the Ca(OH)2 group (P
DBM had the ability of inducing odontoblast differentiation and promoting dentinogenesis
Summary
Dental pulp vitality is of great importance to teeth, for providing nutrition and as biological sensors to detect outside stimulus. Direct pulp capping as a viable and valid method to isolate outside stimulation has extraordinary significance [1, 2]. An ideal pulp capping material should isolate the pulp from infection and provide a biological environment for dental pulp tissue repair [3]. Ca(OH) has its own limitations, such as inducing coagulation necrosis and pathologic calcification, pulp chamber obliteration [4, 5]. The new popular material, Trioxide aggregate (MTA), may efficiently induce reparative dentin formation (RDF) without inflammatory responses in the pulp. We attempt to seek a new direct pulp capping material that can meet the needs of promoting pulp repair with the slightest side effects
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