Demande d'analgésie périmédullaire par les patientes et les équipes obstétricales dans quatre régions françaises. Partie II : réalisation des analgésies périmédullaires

Abstract

Objective. – Epidural analgesia (EA) is widely used in France to treat the labour pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate and analyse the rate of EA and the ratio between EA required by parturients and total EA realised (performance ratio). Study design. – An epidemiological survey was sent in all maternity units of 4 French areas. Patients and methods. – 48 of the 84 maternity units were participating to the study. In each centre, 25 patients fulfilled the questionnaire and the medical team fulfilled a questionnaire about the organisation of the ward. Rate of EA and performance ratio were calculated. Student t test, χ2 test and logistic regression model were used as requested; p < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results. – The mean rate of epidural analgesia (EA) rate, in the French areas studied, was 61.6%. It was significantly higher in university (79 ± 13.7%) and private hospital (73.1 ± 20.4%) than in general hospitals (54.6 ± 19.6%, p < 0.01), and also in those where anaesthesiologists are dedicated to the maternity unit (71.3 ± 17.8 vs 54.6 ± 22.1%, p < 0.01) and in hospitals where anaesthesiologists were on duty in the hospital versus on call at home (69.8 ± 21.4 vs 56.1 ± 19%, p < 0.02). Median duration of EA was 180 minutes, and 21.3% of them lasted more than five hours. Most of EA was performed between 8 AM and 6 PM. Patients' request was the major reason of EA insertion (OR = 11.81), then the midwife request (OR = 9.01). Other significant factors were the type of the hospital, the anaesthesiologist on duty and parity of women. The ratio between the number of EA requested by parturients and the total number of EA performed was significantly better in university hospitals (100.3 ± 13%) and private hospitals (92.2 ± 15.7%) than in general hospitals (79.4 ± 17.3%, p < 0.02). For the patients who had requested EA and did not have EA, the main reason was that labour was too fast (122/167) and then that there was a fail in anaesthesiologic organization (59/167). The contraindications were rare (14/167). Conclusion. – To correctly answer to the request of EA, it seems necessary that one or more anaesthesiologists were dedicated to the maternity units, and that they were on duty into the hospital. So it seems important to have large maternities with adequate number of anaesthesiologists.