Abstract

Summary To test the hypothesis that delay of gratification and abstract ability are correlated, a study of 100 Cree and Euro-Canadian boys aged 8–11 was undertaken with use of projective tests. A related concern tested the possibility that differences in delay ability may be related to cultural requirements in abstract vs. concrete orientations to the world rather than to levels of developmental maturity. There was a significant positive correlation between delay of gratification and abstract ability (p < .01), and Euro-Canadians delayed significantly more often than the Cree (p < .01). However, no significant difference in dependence and control of aggression was found between Cree nondelayers and Euro-Canadian delayers, indicating that high delay ability (at least with respect to food hunger) is not a universal indication of high self-control, but that self-control may be defined differently across cultures.

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